Recent Trends in Prevalence Studies of Children with Severe Mental Retardation

Starza-Smith, Arleta

doi:10.1080/02674648966780181

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Nevertheless, many reviews of international epidemiological studies suggested that the prevalence of severe MR (SMR) is approximately 3 to 4 per 1000 in children [Starza-Smith, 1989;Roeleveld et al, 1997] and in adults [Reschly, 1992] in both developed and developing countries [Kiely, 1987]. Figures 1 and 2, showing the prevalence of SMR and MMR, have been adapted from Roeleveld et al [1997] and modified by the inclusion of recent studies F, G, S, C and L [Fernell et al, 1996;Fernell et al, 1998;Stromme and Valvatne, 1998;Gissler et al, 1999;Cans et al, 1999;Leonard et al, 2002a].…”

Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of mental retardation: Challenges and opportunities in the new millennium

Leonard

Wen

2002

Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev.

539

388

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There are a number of problems and challenges in relating the science of epidemiology to mental retardation (MR). These relate to how MR is defined and classified and how these definitions may change over time. These as well as other differences in ascertainment sources and methods need to be considered when comparing MR prevalence over time and place. On the other hand, advances in technology also provide new and efficient methods of data collection both by data linkage and by use of web-based methods to study rare diseases. While prevalence studies have not been individually reviewed, we have examined the range of data including recent studies relating to how prevalence differs according to age, gender, social class and ethnicity. Some problems with available etiological classification systems have been identified. Recent etiological studies, most of which use different classification systems, have been reviewed and explanations have been postulated to account for differences in results. Individual risk factors for MR are considered whilst the option of considering a population as opposed to a high risk strategy to MR prevention is raised. This might well involve improving the social milieu surrounding the occurrence of individual risk factors. The impact of biotechnological advances such as antenatal and neonatal screening and assisted reproduction on MR are discussed. The issue of how inequalities in access to technology may impact on case identification and even have the potential to further widen inequalities is raised. The importance of extending the use of epidemiological tools to study the social, health and economic burden of MR is also emphasized. However, in order to apply to MR the "prevention-intervention-research" cycle, which surely underpins all epidemiology, it is vital to ensure that the methodological challenges we raise are adequately addressed.

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Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of mental retardation: Challenges and opportunities in the new millennium

Leonard

Wen

2002

Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev.

539

388

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“…Children aged 5-14 during the period 1961-81 are, for the most part, the same cohort of individuals who make up the adult population of today. Several studies show a pattern of substantial increases in prevalence for these children (Fryers, 1984;Starza-Smith, 1989;Martindale et al, 1988). Fryers in particular demonstrated a major 2.5fold increase in prevalence in 5-14 year olds across the 1960s, followed by a slight decline across the 1970s to a prevalence in the early 1980s which was still double that of the early 1960s (Frye rs , 1 9 8 4 ) .…”

Section: Prevalence Increases In Children Between 1961 and 1981mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Disability and Need in Adults with Severe Learning Disability

McGrother¹,

Thorp²,

Taub³

et al. 2001

Tizard Learning Disability Review

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The most important issues for planning purposes are whether the prevalence of LD has been increasing in recent years, and the likely future trends. Various kinds of evidence have been reviewed in an attempt to address this question, as follows. Direct comparison of prevalence estimates for adults o ver timeThere have been many studies of prevalence published but very few meet the necessary stringent criteria to allow meaningful comparison over time

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“…Here the proportion of men to women is 54:46 (Thompson, 1993). These percentages may vary during childhood; many handicaps do not manifest themselves unambiguously until the third year of life (Starza-Smith, 1989). About 10% of these individuals are likely to display challenging behaviour (Thompson, 1993).…”

Section: Sex and Ethnicity Of People With Learning Disabilities Who Challengementioning

confidence: 99%

Gender, Ethnicity and Challenging Behaviour: a Literature Review and Exploratory Study

Terlizzi

Cambridge

Maras

1999

Tizard Learning Disability Review

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Recent Trends in Prevalence Studies of Children with Severe Mental Retardation

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

The epidemiology of mental retardation: Challenges and opportunities in the new millennium

The epidemiology of mental retardation: Challenges and opportunities in the new millennium

Prevalence, Disability and Need in Adults with Severe Learning Disability

Gender, Ethnicity and Challenging Behaviour: a Literature Review and Exploratory Study

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