Recent trends in the chemistry of pyridine N-oxide

Youssif, Shaker

doi:10.3998/ark.5550190.0002.116

Cited by 112 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Nucleophilic addition of triethoxyphosphite to the in situ generated pyridonium cation generates HWE ylide precursor 5 c (Figure d). In addition, selective oxidation of the pyridine ring in the presence of the terminal olefin gave pyridine N ‐oxide 5 d in 87 % yield, which is a useful directing group for the functionalization of pyridine (Figure e) …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elaborating Complex Heteroaryl‐Containing Cycles via Enantioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Cycloadditions

2019

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Ag eneral method for asymmetric synthesis of heteroaryl-containing cycles via palladium-catalyzed cyclization is reported. Most classes of nitrogen-containing aromatics, including pyridines,q uinolines,p yrimidines,v arious azoles and the derivatives of nucleobases are compatible substrates, offering various heteroaryl-substituted cyclopentane,p yrrolidine,f uranidine and bicyclo[4.3.1]decadiene derivatives with good to excellent enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elaborating Complex Heteroaryl‐Containing Cycles via Enantioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Cycloadditions

2019

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“…Starting from 3-amino-4-cyanofurazan 1 , 3-nitro-4-cyanofurazan 27 was provided under Caro’s acid oxidation conditions ( Youssif, 2001 ). A novel intermolecular etherification was carried out under alkaline conditions with the oxygen bridged compound 3,3-dicyanodifurazan ether FOF-2 obtained in good yield ( Fan et al, 2009 ).…”

Section: Synthesis Of Nitrogen-rich Energetic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Strategies Toward Nitrogen-Rich Energetic Compounds Via the Reaction Characteristics of Cyanofurazan/Furoxan

Wang¹,

Zhai²,

She³

et al. 2022

Front. Chem.

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The structural units of amino-/cyano-substituted furazans and furoxans played significant roles in the synthesis of nitrogen-rich energetic compounds. This account focused on the synthetic strategies toward nitrogen-rich energetic compounds through the transformations based on cyanofurazan/furoxan structures, including 3-amino-4-cyanofurazan, 4-amino-3-cyano furoxan, 3,4-dicyanofurazan, and 3,4-dicyanofuroxan. The synthetic strategies toward seven kinds of nitrogen-rich energetic compounds, such as azo (azoxy)-bridged, ether-bridged, methylene-bridged, hybrid furazan/furoxan-tetrazole–based, tandem furoxan–based, hybrid furazan-isofurazan–based, hybrid furoxan-isoxazole–based and fused framework–based energetic compounds were fully reviewed, with the corresponding reaction mechanisms toward the nitrogen-rich aromatic frameworks and examples of using the frameworks to create high energetic substances highlighted and discussed. The energetic properties of typical nitrogen-rich energetic compounds had also been compared and summarized.

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“…This result indicates that loratadine is oxidized to its corresponding free-radical product via a one-electron transfer process. 32…”

Section: Effect Of Supporting Electrolyte and Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple and rapid determination of loratadine in pharmaceuticals using square-wave voltammetry and a cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode

Eisele

Sartori

2015

Anal. Methods

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The electrochemical behavior and determination of antihistaminic drug loratadine using a cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode (BDDE) is proposed. This is first voltammetric method using a carbon-based electrode material. The anodic peak potential for loratadine at BDDE was 1.67 V (vs Ag/AgCl (3.0 mol L -1 KCl)) by cyclic voltammetry in a 0.50 mol L -1 HClO 4 solution, whereas at glassy carbon electrode (GCE), no peak potential was observed, due to narrow potential window of this electrode. Using square-wave voltammetric technique (f = 50 Hz, a = 40 mV and ∆E S = 2 mV), the obtained analytical curve was linear for loratadine concentrations ranging from 0.98 to 19 µmol L -1 . This simple and green analytical method was successfully applied for the determination of loratadine in pharmaceutical formulations. The results were in a close agreement, with a 95% confidence level for those obtained using comparative spectrophotometric method. IntroductionLoratadine is a tricyclic antihistamine, which it is a widely used to treat allergy symptoms, such as sneezing, watery eyes, skin rash, itching, hives, and runny nose.Overdose symptoms include headache, feeling tired, drowsiness, dry mouth, vomiting, hyperactivity, and fast or pounding heartbeat [1]. According to the importance and requirement for the quality control of the content of loratadine in pharmaceutical formulations, thereby reducing side effects and risk of overdose in the patient, an accurate and validated analytical procedure for determination of this compound is required.The official methods recommended by British Parmacopoeia [2] for loratadine determination involve non-aqueous titration or high performance liquid chromatography. Some analytical procedures were developed for determination of loratadine in pharmaceuticals and biological samples, which these include mainly chromatography [3-9], capillary electrophoresis [10,11] and spectrophotometry [12][13]. Of these approaches, the voltammetric methods are viable alternatives for determination of loratadine in pharmaceutical formulations due to some advantages, such as simplicity of operation, selectivity, are inexpensive techniques with high speed, rapidity of data acquisition, making them very competitive methods and usually the best choice for determination of electro-active compounds, being suitable for routine analysis. There is also the possibility of analysis of colored or solutions with suspended solids [14][15][16][17][18][19]. The sample preparation for electrochemical analysis is simple and practical, no filtration and a small volume of solution for analysis is required when compared with other techniques.

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Recent trends in the chemistry of pyridine N-oxide

Cited by 112 publications

References 45 publications

Elaborating Complex Heteroaryl‐Containing Cycles via Enantioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Cycloadditions

Elaborating Complex Heteroaryl‐Containing Cycles via Enantioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Cycloadditions

Synthetic Strategies Toward Nitrogen-Rich Energetic Compounds Via the Reaction Characteristics of Cyanofurazan/Furoxan

Simple and rapid determination of loratadine in pharmaceuticals using square-wave voltammetry and a cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode

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