Recent Trends of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Emerging Biomedical Application

Abstract

In the current scenario, various industries such as pharmaceuticals, biomedical sectors, cosmetics, photovoltaics, and automotive utilize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) widely due to their exceptional potentials and high surface area-to-volume ratio. However, researchers are still working to improve the potential of ZnO NPs as antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, etc. This chapter highlighted plants and microbial extract-based synthesis methods of ZnO NPs and comparative understanding established with laser ablation, chemical reduction, milling, and sputtering. In contrast, the green synthesis of ZnO NPs offers an eco-friendly and chemical-free approach for biological applications. The green synthesis method involves a range of extract compositions, including secondary metabolites flavonoids, enzymes, proteins, and sugars, which reduce and stabilize ZnO NPs, influencing their structure, shape, size, and morphology. Biologically synthesized ZnO NPs, due to their cost-effective and eco-friendly nature, are significant for medication distribution and sensing applications.