Recent updates on correlation between reactive oxygen species and synbiotics for effective management of ulcerative colitis

Abstract

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is presently considered a multifactorial pathology, which may lead to persistent inflammatory action of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) because of an improperly managed immunological reactivity to the intestinal microbiota found in the GIT. The immune response to common commensal microbes plays an essential role in intestinal inflammation related to UC synbiotics, and it is an important element in the optimal therapy of UC. Therefore, synbiotics, i.e., a mixture of prebiotics and probiotics, may help control the diseased state. Synbiotics alleviate the inflammation of the colon by lowering the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improving the level of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Prebiotic supplementation is not a common practice at the moment, despite numerous research findings proving that the benefits of both probiotics and prebiotics encourage their continued existence and positioning in the GIT, with positive effects on human health by managing the inflammatory response. However, the fact that there have been fewer studies on the treatment of UC with different probiotics coupled with selected prebiotics, i.e., synbiotics, and the outcomes of these studies have been very favorable. This evidence-based study explores the possible role of ROS, SOD, and synbiotics in managing the UC. The proposed review also focuses on the role of alteration of gut microbiota, antioxidant defense in the gastrointestinal tract, and the management of UC. Thus, the current article emphasizes oxidative stress signaling in the GI tract, oxidative stress-based pathomechanisms in UC patients, and UC therapies inhibiting oxidative stress’ effects.

Colonic Dysregulation of Major Metabolic Pathways in Experimental Ulcerative Colitis

“…Oxidative stress is a crucial pathological factor that plays an important role in the onset and progression of IBD [23,[35][36][37]. ROS promote mucosal epithelium damage, contributing to mucosal barrier dysfunction [38].…”

Recent Advances in Microbiota-Associated Metabolites in Heart Failure

“…High fiber diets have been shown to promote the growth of beneficial gut microbiota species, including by increasing bacteria that produce acetate to promote lowered blood pressure and by reducing cardiac remodeling occurring in hypertension and heart failure [ 189 ]. Additional beneficial effects of prebiotics include regulation of weight by reducing obesity, improving glucose tolerance, exerting anti-inflammatory effects, and control of ROS in several inflammatory diseases and cancers [ 190 , 191 , 192 ].…”

Roles and regulation of Aquaporin-3 in maintaining the gut health: an updated review

“…Importantly, ulcerative colitis is often associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. For the therapies of ulcerative colitis, synbiotics could inhibit the oxidative stress’ effects and alleviate the colonic inflammation by lowering the ROS and improving the level of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase ( Ashique et al, 2023 ). Moreover, a previous study found that the strong antioxidant properties of cell-free culture supernatant from the Bifidobacterium infantis strain on the skin, might be associated with reduced intracellular ROS and malondialdehyde contents and improved activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase as well as upregulation of AQP3 in H 2 O 2 -treated HaCaT cells after treatment ( Ma et al, 2022 ).…”