Recent Updates on Supramolecular‐Based Drug Delivery – Macrocycles and Supramolecular Gels

Abstract

Supramolecules‐based drug delivery has attracted significant recent research attention as it could enhance drug solubility, retention time, targeting, and stimuli responsiveness. Among the different supramolecules and assemblies, the macrocycles and the supramolecular hydrogels are the two important categories investigated to a greater extent. Here, we provide the most recent advancements in these categories. Under macrocycles, reports on drug delivery by cyclodextrins, cucurbiturils, calixarenes/pillararenes, crown ethers and porphyrins are detailed. The second category discusses the supramolecular hydrogels of macrocycles/polymers and low molecular weight gelators. The updated information provided could be helpful to advance R & D in this vital area.

Direct thermodynamic characterization of solid-state reactions by isothermal calorimetry

“…67–69 Numerous hybrid receptors with crown ether functionality as the cation-binding site have been reported and the underlying complexation processes have been investigated in solution by a plethora of methods, including calorimetry. 70,71 Most recently, crown-ether derivatives have been exploited in catalysis, 72 drug-delivery systems, 73 supramolecular polymers, 74 ferroelectrics, etc. 75 Moreover, these macrocycles have been applied in crystal engineering as modules rendering complex superstructures.…”

Enhanced Corrosion Resistance and Local Therapy from Nano-Engineered Titanium Dental Implants

“…It is noteworthy that uncontrolled initial burst release (IBR) or high concentrations of locally released therapeutics or nanoparticles can cause cytotoxicity [ 125 ]. As a result, various strategies have been employed to reduce the IBR of loaded drugs, such as using a biopolymer coating on drug-loading TNTs that also offer enhanced osteogenic functions [ 126 ].…”

Molecular Insight into the Ternary Complex Formation between Ethambutol, Isoniazid and β‐Cyclodextrin

“…At present, it is a known fact that supramolecular macrocycles are useful mediums used in drug delivery systems to enhance drug stability, solubility, targeting, and stimuli responsiveness, with the goal of reducing dosage and dosing frequency by upgrading the therapeutic benefits. [10] This unique method is more often introduced as host-guest chemistry, whereby desired drugs are accommodated by hydrophilic macrocycle hosts, for instance, crown ethers, porphyrins, pillar[n]arenes, calix[n]arenes, cucurbiturils, cyclodextrins, and rotaxanes. [11] With that said, cyclodextrins (CDs) inclusion complexes have proven their usefulness across wide variety of industries, with greater dominance in food processing and pharmaceutical industries.…”