Receptive field properties of X and Y cells in the cat retina derived from contrast sensitivity measurements

Linsenmeier, Robert A.; Frishman, Laura J.; Jakiela, H. G.; Enroth‐Cugell, Christina

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(82)90082-7

Cited by 187 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The parameter r. was taken as 1.9 and 4.3 times r, for the on-alpha and on-beta, respectively (within 10°e ccentricity; ref. 25). As predicted, the resulting values for the on-beta cell receptive field agree with the smallest b, receptive field obtained by direct measurements (13,28 Effect of synapses at different locations within reconstructed portion of dendritic tree on soma voltage.…”

supporting

confidence: 71%

“…5A, dashed line). The matches are fairly good, especially compared to the range of alpha receptive field sizes across the retina: alpha centers can be as wide as 650 tum and alpha surrounds can be as wide as 700 I&m (25).…”

mentioning

confidence: 79%

“…We derived the values for the on-alpha and on-beta cells as follows: at 10 eccentricity, the receptive field center diameter (span between loci where the spike rate response falls to spontaneous level) is :0.7°for the on-alpha cell and -0.3°for the on-beta cell (1). We converted center diameter to rc by noting that the center diameter overestimates rc by a factor of 2.06 for on-alpha cells and 2.6 for on-beta cells, where both have been measured at the same location (1,25) (see ref. 26 for an explanation).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Computational model of the on-alpha ganglion cell receptive field based on bipolar cell circuitry.

Freed

Smith

Sterling

1992

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The on-alpha ganglion cell in the area cen- its receptive field has a center and surround (13).Here we combine the general structure of the analytical models with detailed anatomical data to compute the contribution of the b, array to the on-alpha receptive field. The computation assumes, like the analytical models, that the on-alpha cell sums its inputs linearly. Although there are temporal nonlinearities within the on-alpha receptive field, given moderate stimulus contrast, these nonlinearities apparently sum in a spatially linear fashion (9, 11). The computation also assumes that every b, synapse evokes the same conductance increase in the on-alpha cell (for a given depolarization of the bipolar cell) and that this conductance increase depolarizes the on-alpha cell. These assumptions simplify the computation of the on-alpha receptive field to a weighted summation of bipolar receptive fields. A bipolar cell's weight depends on the number of synapses it contributes to the on-alpha dendrites and the electrotonic effects of these synapses at the soma.The receptive fields of both on and off types of alpha (Y) ganglion cells are tuned to low spatial frequencies (cutoff frequency, 2 c/degree in area centralis) (1). The Y cell contributes the major retinal input to area 18, which may explain the low-frequency tuning of this area (2, 3). The alpha cell's contribution to the visual system depends critically on the structure of its receptive field. There are two overlapping regions: a relatively broad center and a still broader antagonistic surround, each with a roughly Gaussian distribution of sensitivity (4-7).The question we address here is how does the alpha (Y) receptive field structure arise from retinal circuitry? Analytical models of the alpha receptive field give some important clues (8-11). Such models, as schematized in Fig. 1, hypothesize the receptive field to arise from a pooling of linear subunits. Each linear subunit has a center and surround with Gaussian distributions of sensitivity. These linear subunits are weighted individually and summed in a linear fashion. If appropriate distributions of sensitivity for the subunits are chosen, as well as the correct weightings, then the summed subunit centers duplicate the alpha center and the summed subunit surrounds duplicate the alpha surround (8). Although correspondence has not been established between linear subunits and any particular elements of retinal circuitry, they closely resemble, by their individual properties and their array, the bipolar cells that contact the on-alpha cell. We had previously described this source ofinput by reconstructing an on-alpha cell from serial, electron microscopic sections.Most bipolar synapses (82-89%) derive from a single bipolar METHODS An on-alpha ganglion cell from the area centralis had been filled with horseradish peroxidase, blackened with diaminobenzidine, and drawn with a camera lucida (12). Almost half of the dendritic arbor, spanning the full-field diameter, had been reconstructed by electron microsco...

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confidence: 71%

mentioning

confidence: 79%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computational model of the on-alpha ganglion cell receptive field based on bipolar cell circuitry.

Freed

Smith

Sterling

1992

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The data are primarily for center size (Cleland et al, 1979;Peichl and Wässle, 1979;He and Levick, 2000), but there is evidence for surround size as well. The dependence of surround size on eccentricity, however, is not clearly consistent across species; e.g., there is a clear but weak dependence in primate (Croner and Kaplan, 1995) but no systematic relationship in cat (Linsenmeier et al, 1982). If there is a surround size dependence on eccentricity in mouse, on the scale of the surround size changes seen with NPY cell ablation, and differences in eccentricity between the NPY cell-ablated retinas and controls were not suitably controlled for, then the interpretation of our results could be confounded.…”

Section: Ablation Of Npy Cells Alters Spatial Tuning Of Ganglion Cellsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In several species, receptive field size varies with eccentricity (Wiesel, 1960;Linsenmeier et al, 1982;Croner and Kaplan, 1995;He and Levick, 2000) (for review, see Troy and Shou, 2002). The data are primarily for center size (Cleland et al, 1979;Peichl and Wässle, 1979;He and Levick, 2000), but there is evidence for surround size as well.…”

Section: Ablation Of Npy Cells Alters Spatial Tuning Of Ganglion Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Ablation of a Class of Amacrine Cells Alters Spatial Processing in the Retina

Sinclair¹,

Jacobs²,

Nirenberg³

2004

J. Neurosci.

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Comparison of photoreceptor spatial density and ganglion cell morphology in the retina of human, macaque monkey, cat, and the marmosetCallithrix jacchus

1996

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We studied the relationship between the morphology of ganglion cells and the spatial density of photoreceptors in the retina of two Old World primates, human and macaque monkey; the diurnal New World marmoset Callithrix jacchus; and the cat. Ganglion cells in macaque and marmoset were labelled by intracellular injection with Neurobiotin or by DiI diffusion labelling in fixed tissue. Cone photoreceptor densities were measured from the same retinas. Supplemental data for macaque and data for human and cat were taken from published studies. For the primates studied, the central retina is characterised by a constant numerical convergence of cones to ganglion cells. Midget ganglion cells derive their input, via a midget bipolar cell, from a single cone. Parasol cells derive their input from 40-140 cones. Outside the central retina, the convergence increases with eccentricity. The convergence to beta cells in the cat retina is very close to that for parasol cells in primate retina. The convergence of rod photoreceptors to ganglion cells is similar in human, macaque, and marmoset, with parasol cells receiving input from 10-15 times more rods than midget cells. The low convergence of cones to midget cells in human and macaque retinas is associated with distinctive dendritic "clusters" in midget cells' dendritic fields. Convergence in marmoset is higher, and the clusters are absent. We conclude that the complementary changes in photoreceptor density and ganglion cell morphology should be considered when forming linking hypotheses between dendritic field, receptive field, and psychophysical properties of primate vision.

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Receptive field properties of X and Y cells in the cat retina derived from contrast sensitivity measurements

Cited by 187 publications

References 46 publications

Computational model of the on-alpha ganglion cell receptive field based on bipolar cell circuitry.

Computational model of the on-alpha ganglion cell receptive field based on bipolar cell circuitry.

Selective Ablation of a Class of Amacrine Cells Alters Spatial Processing in the Retina

Comparison of photoreceptor spatial density and ganglion cell morphology in the retina of human, macaque monkey, cat, and the marmosetCallithrix jacchus

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