Receptor-Mediated Events in the Microcirculation

Watts, Stephanie W.; Kanagy, Nancy L.; Lombard, Julian H.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374530-9.00007-3

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 742 publications

(569 reference statements)

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“…M4 receptors were detected in the forebrain, hippocampus and striatum, they are likely involved in pain processes [ 30 ]. The physiological action of M5 receptors is not yet elucidated, however, it is assumed that these receptors are involved in brain microcirculation and mediate vasoconstriction, vasodilatation and activation of nitric oxide synthase [ 31 ].…”

Section: Pharmacology Of Tas and Their Role As Drug Lead Substancementioning

confidence: 99%

Tropane Alkaloids: Chemistry, Pharmacology, Biosynthesis and Production

2019

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Tropane alkaloids (TA) are valuable secondary plant metabolites which are mostly found in high concentrations in the Solanaceae and Erythroxylaceae families. The TAs, which are characterized by their unique bicyclic tropane ring system, can be divided into three major groups: hyoscyamine and scopolamine, cocaine and calystegines. Although all TAs have the same basic structure, they differ immensely in their biological, chemical and pharmacological properties. Scopolamine, also known as hyoscine, has the largest legitimate market as a pharmacological agent due to its treatment of nausea, vomiting, motion sickness, as well as smooth muscle spasms while cocaine is the 2nd most frequently consumed illicit drug globally. This review provides a comprehensive overview of TAs, highlighting their structural diversity, use in pharmaceutical therapy from both historical and modern perspectives, natural biosynthesis in planta and emerging production possibilities using tissue culture and microbial biosynthesis of these compounds.

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Section: Pharmacology Of Tas and Their Role As Drug Lead Substancementioning

confidence: 99%

Tropane Alkaloids: Chemistry, Pharmacology, Biosynthesis and Production

2019

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“…The changes in vital signs and derived parameters as well as the clinically significant elevation in SBP and or HR in about 18% of the 51 study participants could be attributed to stimulation of cardiac β -1 adrenergic receptors. Dopamine in moderate doses stimulates cardiac β -1 adrenoreceptors resulting in a positive inotropic effect and a vasodilation that manifest, itself clinically as an increase in SBP with insignificant change in DBP [ 35 ]. This line of reasoning explains our findings of test drug induced clinically relevant vital signs changes starting on days 6-7 of the UPT period onwards (1.5–2 mg/day).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopamine D2R Agonist-Induced Cardiovascular Effects in Healthy Male Subjects: Potential Implications in Clinical Settings

Farha¹,

Baljé-Volkers²,

Tamminga³

et al. 2014

ISRN Neurology

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Dopamine D2 receptor agonists represent a first line treatment option in young patients with signs and symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. An association between the use of D2 receptor agonists in Parkinson's disease patients and heart failure has been reported. The identification of the underlying mechanism is needed to minimize the resultant cardiovascular morbidity. In a phase I clinical trial, a D2 receptor agonist (pramipexole) was administered to 52 healthy male subjects following a dose escalation scheme. Serial measurements of resting blood pressure, heart rate, and derived parameters including pulse pressure, pulsatile stress, and rate pressure product were analysed. Statistically significant and clinically relevant increases in most of the assessed parameters were found. Ten subjects were removed prematurely from the trial because of clinically significant increases in blood pressure and/or heart rate requiring immediate intervention with IV rescue medications including a selective β-1 blocker. The observed drug-related changes in vital signs were of clinical relevance and might explain some of the cardiovascular morbidity reported in patients receiving D2 receptor agonist in clinical settings. We suggest that the additional use of a β-1 blocking agent might mitigate the risk of cardiovascular morbidity among patients receiving long-term D2 receptor agonists.

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“…For more extensive details relating to receptor subtypes, details of signal transduction and actions in the microcirculation, see reference[405]. For more extensive details relating to receptor subtypes, details of signal transduction and actions in the microcirculation, see reference[405].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Control of Microvascular Perfusion

Hill¹,

Davis²

2012

Colloquium Series on Integrated Systems Physiology: From Molecule to Function

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Physiology is a scientific discipline devoted to understanding the functions of the body. It addresses function at multiple levels, including molecular, cellular, organ, and system. An appreciation of the processes that occur at each level is necessary to understand function in health and the dysfunction associated with disease. Homeostasis and integration are fundamental principles of physiology that account for the relative constancy of organ processes and bodily function even in the face of substantial environmental changes. This constancy results from integrative, cooperative interactions of chemical and electrical signaling processes within and between cells, organs and systems. This eBook series on the broad field of physiology covers the major organ systems from an integrative perspective that addresses the molecular and cellular processes that contribute to homeostasis. Material on pathophysiology is also included throughout the eBooks. The state-of the-art treatises were produced by leading experts in the field of physiology. Each eBook includes stand-alone information and is intended to be of value to students, scientists, and clinicians in the biomedical sciences. Since physiological concepts are an ever-changing work-in-progress, each contributor will have the opportunity to make periodic updates of the covered material.Published titles (for future titles please see the website, AbStrACtLocal control of microvascular perfusion refers to the ability of individual tissues to maintain a relative constancy of hemodynamics in the face of changing perfusion pressure while meeting metabolic demands appropriately. The regulation of local blood flow, or autoregulation, and its underlying mechanisms have been a subject of considerable interest for over 100 years. Particular focus has been placed on the acute interaction of myogenic (pressure-induced) and metabolic (local production of vasodilator metabolites) parameters and how they interact with flow (shear stress)-dependent and conduction-based mechanisms to produce integrated local vascular network responses (for example, as seen during reactive and functional hyperemia). This monograph discusses each of these vasoregulatory phenomena while also considering evidence for their underlying cellular mechanisms. Further, an attempt is made to integrate the information into complex in vivo situations and consider their relevance to pathophysiological situations. vi

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Receptor-Mediated Events in the Microcirculation

Cited by 6 publications

References 742 publications

Tropane Alkaloids: Chemistry, Pharmacology, Biosynthesis and Production

Tropane Alkaloids: Chemistry, Pharmacology, Biosynthesis and Production

Dopamine D2R Agonist-Induced Cardiovascular Effects in Healthy Male Subjects: Potential Implications in Clinical Settings

Local Control of Microvascular Perfusion

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