Receptor-mediated uptake of β-glucuronidase into primary astrocytes and C6 glioma cells from rat brain

Jenkins, Huw G.; Martin, J. K.; Dean, Michael F.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(88)90555-0

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…As for glial cells, one of the functions of astrocytes-the removal of brain cellular debris-was revealed on day 3 in astrocyte cultures (Noske et al, 1982). Furthermore, the receptor-mediated uptake of P-glucuronidase was shown in astrocytes cultured for 1-3 weeks (Jenkins et al, 1988). Such developmental features of cultured neuronal and glial cells support the idea that CVs from the cultured cells are fractionated like those from brain.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Two Types of Clathrin‐Coated Vesicles Isolated from Rat Brain: Analysis of Biochemical Properties and Cellular Origin

Uriu

Omori

Yamamoto

et al. 1991

Journal of Neurochemistry

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Two major fractions rich in clathrin-coated vesicles (CVs) (fraction I, rho = 1.140 g/cm3; fraction II, rho = 1.113 g/cm3) were separated from rat brain using a sucrose gradient and compared for their cellular origins and Cl- translocation systems. Electron micrographs showed that both fractions contained CVs of different size distributions (fraction I, 85 +/- 9.5 nm in diameter; fraction II, 72 +/- 6.8 nm in diameter). Fraction II contained potent ouabain-sensitive ATPase activity, whereas fraction I contained only a little activity. Immunoblot analysis for the Na+,K(+)-ATPase catalytic subunit, alpha and alpha(+), demonstrated that fraction II exhibited predominantly alpha(+), whose proportion to alpha was analogous to that observed in the extracts of primary cultured neuronal cells. Furthermore, on a sucrose density gradient, cultured neuronal cells yielded fraction II but not fraction I, whereas primary cultured glial cells yielded fraction I but not fraction II. Labeling-chase experiments using 125I-transferrin in cultured neuronal cells showed the internalized ligand in fraction II and the surface-bound ligand in the fraction with lower density (rho = 1.090 g/cm3), a result suggesting that the involvement of Na+,K(+)-ATPase in fraction II is attributable to endocytic vesicles. Cl- uptake in fraction II was approximately threefold higher than that in fraction I. N-Ethylmaleimide (100 microM) completely inhibited the Cl- uptake in fraction I but partially (approximately 50%) inhibited that in fraction II. These findings suggest that the two CV fractions isolated from rat brain originate from different cell types--glial and neuronal cells--and differ in size distribution of CVs, content of Na+,K(+)-ATPase, and mechanism for Cl- uptake.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Two Types of Clathrin‐Coated Vesicles Isolated from Rat Brain: Analysis of Biochemical Properties and Cellular Origin

Uriu

Omori

Yamamoto

et al. 1991

Journal of Neurochemistry

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“…Changes of neuropeptide levels in the brain regions of the rat infused by IBO and Ab25 - 35 The animal lesioned by the infusion of IBO and Ab25 -35 into rat NBM has been obtained as an animal model of the AD patient. Some of the behaviors such as spatial memory impairment in the AD model rat are similar to the behaviors in AD patients, because it has been reported that the infusion of IBO (40 -43) or into the NBM results in cognitive impairment accompanied with the depletion of choline acetyltransferase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our preliminary experiments, we also found the increase of GFAP immunoreactive astroglial cells in the NBM sites of the rats 2 weeks after the treatments of Ab25 -35 and IBO, respectively (data not shown). b-Glucuronidase, a lysosomal enzyme, is a marker enzyme of glial proliferation because endocytosis of b-glucuronidase into pri- mary astrocytes has been reported (35). In the present study, therefore, we investigated changes of the GFAP immunoreactivity and b-glucuronidase activity in the three areas of the rats treated with IBO and Ab25 -35.…”

Section: B-glucuronidase Activity and Gfap Immunoreactivitymentioning

confidence: 94%

Changes in the Levels of Neuropeptides and Their Metabolizing Enzymes in the Brain Regions of Nucleus Basalis Magnocellularis-Lesioned Rats

2003

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Abstract. The regulation mechanism of the interrelation between neuropeptides and their metabolizing enzymes in in vivo tissues is still not clear. In the present report, we attempted to measure the levels of neuropeptides and their enzymes in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of the rat that had been bilaterally lesioned by the infusion of ibotenic acid or amyloid b-peptide 25 -35 (Ab 25 -35) into the nucleus basalis magnocellularis. In the drug-treated rats, at two weeks after the infusion, the decrease of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SS-LI) and the increase of cholecystokinin-8S-LI were found in some brain regions relative to vehicletreated rats. The immunoreactivities of endopeptidase 24.15 and puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase and the leucine aminopeptidase-and aminopeptidase B-like enzyme activities did not change in the three brain regions, suggesting that the levels of those peptide-degrading enzymes do not correlate with the changes of the neuropeptide levels. The decrease of subtilisin-like proprotein convertase (SPC)-like enzyme activity was found in the hippocampus of the Ab25 -35-treated rats. The SS mRNA level decreased in the hippocampus in parallel with decreases in the SS-LI level and SPC-like enzyme activity. The present data indicate that some of the neuropeptide-processing enzymes may contribute to the control of neuropeptide levels.

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The role of tumor rejection antigens in host antitumor defense mechanisms

Campbell¹,

Redmond²,

Bouchier‐Hayes³

1995

Cancer

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Background. Normal cells undergo contact inhibition of growth when their surface molecules interact. Tumor cells, however, have undergone a mutation that prevents this arrest of growth upon contact inhibition and allows constant growth. Thus, growth inhibition fails to occur despite the interaction of surface molecules. In recent years a subgroup of these surface molecules has been of interest to cancer investigators. This subgroup has been termed the tumor rejection antigens (TRAs). As the name implies, these are specific to the tumor of origin and may direct the immune system of the host to target the tumor cells and kill them. Methods. A literature search was carried out on TRAs to ascertain the current thinking on the subject. Results. Initial studies of TRAs have revealed that some of them may be heat shock proteins (HSPs). In particular, grp96, a number of the HSP90 family, has been implicated. More recent studies, however, have shown that HSPs alone may not be immunogenic but may act as carrier proteins for tumor specific peptides. Conclusion. Such findings have led to speculation that HSPs or their associated peptides may have a role in the diagnosis and/or treatment of specific cancers. Immunotherapy and bispecific antibodies in particular are areas in which HSPs may prove to be useful. Cancer 1995;75:2649–55.

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Receptor-mediated uptake of β-glucuronidase into primary astrocytes and C6 glioma cells from rat brain

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Two Types of Clathrin‐Coated Vesicles Isolated from Rat Brain: Analysis of Biochemical Properties and Cellular Origin

Two Types of Clathrin‐Coated Vesicles Isolated from Rat Brain: Analysis of Biochemical Properties and Cellular Origin

Changes in the Levels of Neuropeptides and Their Metabolizing Enzymes in the Brain Regions of Nucleus Basalis Magnocellularis-Lesioned Rats

The role of tumor rejection antigens in host antitumor defense mechanisms

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