Receptors: Localization and Specificity of Binding of Serotonin in the Central Nervous System

Alivisatos, Spyridon G.A.; Ungar, Frieda; Seth, Prahlad K.; Levitt, LeRoy P.; Geroulis, Anthony J.; Meyer, Thomas

doi:10.1126/science.171.3973.809

Cited by 26 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Intracranial injections were carried out according to the procedure of Lindberg and Ernster (1950). The use of a sleeve on the needle as suggested by Alivisatos and Seth (1971) helped standardize the depth of the injection as well as measurements relative to suture lines for position. Isolation of mitochondria, synaptosomes, and microsomes was as previously described (Abdel-Latif, 1966, 1973 Animals were decapitated and the appropriate tissue placed in a petri dish containing the incubation medium (Bradford, 1973).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of [¹⁴C] ethanolamine and [³H] Methionine into phospholipids of rat brain and liver in vivo and in vitro

Morganstern

Abdel‐Latif

1974

J. Neurobiol.

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SUMMARYComparative studies were undertaken on the in vivo and i n vitro incorporation of [I4C] ethanolamine, [ 3H] methionine and [ 14C] S-adenosylmethionine into p hospha tidyle t hanolamine (PhE) and phospha tidylcholine (PhC) of rat liver and brain. It was observed that brain can synthesize de nouo PhC from PhE via the transmethylation pathway, however synthesis rates were (1) markedly lower than those of liver and (2) decreased significantly with age. I n the choline-containing lipids more than 95% of the radioactivity was found in PhC. Studies on the localization of the radioactivity in PhC following the intracranial injection of [3H] methionine or [l4CC] ethanolamine revealed that both precursors are incorporated almost exclusively into the choline moiety of this phospholipid. There was significant labeling of PhC only when the precursors were administered intracranially and much less incorporation was observed with the systemic routes. Thus following the intravenous administration of ["C] ethanolamine, the specific radioactivities of liver PhE and PhC were up to 75 times as high as those of brain and 4 t o 5 times as high in the organs of the 20-day old as those of the adult. I n contrast, when this precursor was administered intracranially the specific radioactivities of both phospholipids in liver were only twice as high as those of brain. Although the short-and long-term time-course studies on the in uivo incorporation of [I4C] ethanolamine and [3H] methionine into PhC of both organs could suggest a precursor-product relationship between the biosynthesis of this phospholipid in liver and brain, this apparent relationship could also be due to the high turnover of PhE in liver, with half-life of 2.87 hr, and its low turnover in brain, with half-life of 10.7 days. The present findings on the low rate of formation of PhC from PhE in brain coupled with the fact that this conversion declines sharply with age, especially when the isotopes are administered systemically, could explain the observation of previous investigators that the brain cannot synthesize its own choline and thus it must derive its choline from 394 MORGANSTERN AND ABDEL-LATIFexogenous sources such as lipid-choline. It was concluded that the brain can synthesize its own choline; however it remains also dependent on liver and dietary choline which are probably transported into the brain as free choline.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of [¹⁴C] ethanolamine and [³H] Methionine into phospholipids of rat brain and liver in vivo and in vitro

Morganstern

Abdel‐Latif

1974

J. Neurobiol.

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“…Co 2þ in decreasing order of affinity (Berlet et al, 1994). It also binds serotonin and some hallucinogenic drugs (Alivisatos et al, 1971;Carnegie et al, 1972), heme (Vacher et al, 1984;Morris et al, 1987), azo dyes (Liebes et al, 1976), and GTP (Chan et al, 1988). The physiological significance of serotonin, heme-or GTP-binding is unknown, especially as no GTPase activity has been demonstrated.…”

Section: Mbp Binds Various Small Ligandsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Myelin basic protein—diverse conformational states of an intrinsically unstructured protein and its roles in myelin assembly and multiple sclerosis

Harauz

Ishiyama

Hill

et al. 2004

Micron

233

209

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“…Depending on the substitution, the condensation products are called imines or Schiff bases or Salen’s. Schiff bases are widely used as synthetic intermediates (such as the cycloaddition reaction in Penicillin synthesis), , ligands, and catalysts, in molecular recognition and nanoscience, and they play a crucial role in deciding the activity of enzymes and proteins. − The synthetic applications of imines include, but are not limited to, imine umpolung reactions, imine multicomponent reactions, the formation of MOF, and COF …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary Interactions Arrest the Hemiaminal Intermediate To Invert the Modus Operandi of Schiff Base Reaction: A Route to Benzoxazinones

et al. 2017

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Discovered by Hugo Schiff, condensation between amine and aldehyde represents one of the most ubiquitous reactions in chemistry. This classical reaction is widely used to manufacture pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals. However, the rapid and reversible formation of Schiff base prohibits formation of alternative products, of which benzoxazinones are an important class. Therefore, manipulating the reactivity of two partners to invert the course of this reaction is an elusive target. Presented here is a synthetic strategy that regulates the sequence of Schiff base reaction via weak secondary interactions. Guided by the computational models, reaction between 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoro-benzaldehyde with 2-amino-6-methylbenzoic acid revealed quantitative (99%) formation of 5-methyl-2-(perfluorophenyl)-1,2-dihydro-4H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazin-4-one (15). Electron donating and electron withdrawing ortho-substituents on 2-aminobenzoic acid resulted in the production of benzoxazinones 9-36. The mode of action was tracked using low temperature NMR, UV-vis spectroscopy, and isotopic (O) labeling experiments. These spectroscopic mechanistic investigations revealed that the hemiaminal intermediate is arrested by the hydrogen-bonding motif to yield benzoxazinone. Thus, the mechanistic investigations and DFT calculations categorically rule out the possibility of in situ imine formation followed by ring-closing, but support instead hydrogen-bond assisted ring-closing to prodrugs. This unprecedented reaction represents an interesting and competitive alternative to metal catalyzed and classical methods of preparing benzoxazinone.

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Receptors: Localization and Specificity of Binding of Serotonin in the Central Nervous System

Cited by 26 publications

References 32 publications

Incorporation of [¹⁴C] ethanolamine and [³H] Methionine into phospholipids of rat brain and liver in vivo and in vitro

Incorporation of [¹⁴C] ethanolamine and [³H] Methionine into phospholipids of rat brain and liver in vivo and in vitro

Myelin basic protein—diverse conformational states of an intrinsically unstructured protein and its roles in myelin assembly and multiple sclerosis

Secondary Interactions Arrest the Hemiaminal Intermediate To Invert the Modus Operandi of Schiff Base Reaction: A Route to Benzoxazinones

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Receptors: Localization and Specificity of Binding of Serotonin in the Central Nervous System

Cited by 26 publications

References 32 publications

Incorporation of [14C] ethanolamine and [3H] Methionine into phospholipids of rat brain and liver in vivo and in vitro

Incorporation of [14C] ethanolamine and [3H] Methionine into phospholipids of rat brain and liver in vivo and in vitro

Myelin basic protein—diverse conformational states of an intrinsically unstructured protein and its roles in myelin assembly and multiple sclerosis

Secondary Interactions Arrest the Hemiaminal Intermediate To Invert the Modus Operandi of Schiff Base Reaction: A Route to Benzoxazinones

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Product

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Incorporation of [¹⁴C] ethanolamine and [³H] Methionine into phospholipids of rat brain and liver in vivo and in vitro

Incorporation of [¹⁴C] ethanolamine and [³H] Methionine into phospholipids of rat brain and liver in vivo and in vitro