Currently, the number of valid species of
Onychophora
is uncertain. To facilitate taxonomic work on this understudied animal group, we present an updated checklist for the two extant onychophoran subgroups,
Peripatidae
and
Peripatopsidae
, along with an assessment of the status of each species. According to our study, 82 species of
Peripatidae
and 115 species of
Peripatopsidae
have been described thus far. However, among these 197 species, 20 are
nomina dubia
due to major taxonomic inconsistencies. Apart from
nomina dubia
, many of the valid species also require revision, in particular representatives of
Paraperipatus
within the
Peripatopsidae
, and nearly all species of
Peripatidae
. In addition to extant representatives, the record of unambiguous fossils includes three species with uncertain relationship to the extant taxa. For all species, we provide a list of synonyms, information on types and type localities, as well as remarks on taxonomic and nomenclatural problems and misspellings. According to recent evidence of high endemism and cryptic speciation among the
Peripatidae
and
Peripatopsidae
, previous synonyms are revised. Putative mutations, subspecies and variations are either raised to the species status or synonymised with corresponding taxa. In our revised checklist, we follow the rules and recommendations of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature to clarify previous inconsistencies.