Seasonal fluctuations in natural populations of the kola fruit fly, the kola weevils and the lepidopterous kola nut miner were found to be closely related to the phenology of the kola tree, especially its fruiting cycle. Insect pest populations were highest during the peak of the fruiting season and lowest during the pre-maturation stage of kola. There were no kola pests observed during the off-season from June to September except in unharvested, left-over or dropped kola pods which remained the foci for continued weevil multiplication in the field.