Recidivism in the Child Protection System

Dakil, Suzanne; Sakai, Christina; Lin, Hua; Flores, Glenn

doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.129

Cited by 57 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This can be difficult in emergency settings where time constraints are limiting and providers are often unfamiliar with the patient [ 19 ]. Without intervention, children returning to abusive homes face a 44% risk of repeated injury [ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural versus urban pediatric non-accidental trauma: different patients, similar outcomes

et al. 2018

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ObjectiveOur aim was to compare urban and rural non-accidental trauma for trends and characterize where injury prevention efforts can be focused. Pediatric trauma patients (age 0–14 years) at two level I adult and pediatric trauma centers, one rural and one urban, were included and data from the trauma registries at each center was abstracted.ResultsOf 857 pediatric admissions, 10% of injuries were considered non-accidental. The mean age for all non-accidental trauma patients was significantly lower than the overall pediatric trauma population (2.6 vs. 7.7 years, P < 0.001). Significantly more fatalities occurred in the non-accidental trauma cohort (5.7% vs. 1% P = 0.007). In nearly half of all non-accidental trauma patients, the primary insurance was government programs (49%) and 46% were commercial insurance. The proportion of government insurance in non-accidental trauma was higher in both urban and rural cohorts. There were similar rates of urban and rural patients sustaining non-accidental trauma who were uninsured (6.5 vs. 5.3%). Patients that were younger, in a rural location, and receiving government insurance were at higher risk of non-accidental trauma on univariable analysis. However, only age remained an independent predictor on multivariable analysis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural versus urban pediatric non-accidental trauma: different patients, similar outcomes

et al. 2018

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“…Many negative cues aligned with established child abuse risk factors (Dakil, Sakai, Lin, & Flores, 2011; Duffy et al, 2015; Gjelsvik, Dumont, Nunn, & Rosen, 2014). It is critical to recall, however, that while risk factors increase the likelihood of child abuse, the risk factors are not a direct cause of abuse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social history: A qualitative analysis of child abuse pediatricians’ consultation notes

Olson

Campbell

Cook

et al. 2018

Child Abuse & Neglect

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Background: Child abuse pediatricians (CAPs) are often consulted for injuries when child physical abuse is suspected or when the etiology of a serious injury is unclear. CAPs carefully evaluate the reported mechanism of the child’s injury and the medical findings in the context of the child’s family and social setting to identify possible risk and protective factors for child abuse and the need for social services. It is unknown what population risk indicators along with other social cues CAPs record in the social history of the consultation notes when assessing families who are being evaluated for child physical abuse. Participants and setting: Thirty-two CAPs representing 28 US child abuse programs. Methods: Participants submitted 730 completed cases of inpatient medical consultation notes for three injury types: traumatic brain injury, long bone fracture, and skull fracture in hospitalized children 4 years of age and younger. We defined a priori 12 social cues using known population risk indicators (e.g., single mother) and identified de novo 13 negative (e.g., legal engagement) and ten positive social cues (e.g., competent parenting). Using content analysis, we systematically coded the social history for the social cues. Results: We coded 3,543 cues resulting in a median of 7 coded cues per case. One quarter of the cues were population indicators while half of the cues were negative and one quarter positive. Conclusions: CAPs choose a wide variety of information, not always related to known population risk indicators, to include in their social histories.

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“…Thus, many children with unsubstantiated reports may in fact be victims of maltreatment, and the inability to substantiate the report may leave these children particularly vulnerable to harm. For example, one team found that 38% of children with unsubstantiated child maltreatment reports were rereported and found to be confirmed victims of abuse within 5 years (Dakil, Sakai, Lin, & Flores, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reporting and identifying child physical abuse: How well are we doing?

Bettencourt²,

Gross

2017

Research in Nursing & Health

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Entry into the child protection system in the US begins with a child maltreatment report. Some evidence suggests that report source and child age are related to report outcomes, but there has been no national study of these relationships. The purpose of this secondary data analysis was to describe the distribution of report sources for child physical abuse (CPA), and examine whether (a) the source of a report and (b) child age contribute to the likelihood of substantiation of the reported abuse. Multilevel logistic regressions were conducted using a US national sample of 204,414 children investigated for CPA in 2013 in a dataset obtained from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. Results showed that fewer than one in seven children reported for CPA were confirmed victims of abuse. Professionally mandated reporters initiated the majority of CPA reports, and their reports were more likely to be substantiated compared with nonprofessionals. However, reports made by even the most accurate professional group (legal/law enforcement) had only a 26% chance of substantiation, and some professional groups had a lower likelihood of substantiation than nonprofessionals. Reports made by professionals were less likely to be substantiated as child age increased. More research is warranted to develop and test the effectiveness of training programs to improve CPA reporting and identification.

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Recidivism in the Child Protection System

Cited by 57 publications

References 22 publications

Rural versus urban pediatric non-accidental trauma: different patients, similar outcomes

Rural versus urban pediatric non-accidental trauma: different patients, similar outcomes

Social history: A qualitative analysis of child abuse pediatricians’ consultation notes

Reporting and identifying child physical abuse: How well are we doing?

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