Recipes for Freshwater and Seawater Media

Andersen, Robert A.; Berges, John A.; Harrison, P J; Watanabe, Machiko

doi:10.1016/b978-012088426-1/50027-5

Cited by 278 publications

(254 citation statements)

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“…In culture, it reaches 1.5 mm in body length and has a generation time of about 18 days. In mass cultures, worms are maintained at 208C in glass Petri dishes containing f/2 medium (Andersen et al 2005) and fed with the diatom Nitzschia curvilineata. The worm is fairly transparent, allowing non-invasive measurement of morphological traits such as body size, testis size, ovary size and seminal vesicle size (Schärer & Ladurner 2003).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex allocation predicts mating rate in a simultaneous hermaphrodite

Janicke

Schärer

2009

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Sexual selection theory for separate-sexed animals predicts that the sexes differ in the benefit they can obtain from multiple mating. Conventional sex roles assume that the relationship between the number of mates and the fitness of an individual is steeper in males compared with females. Under these conditions, males are expected to be more eager to mate, whereas females are expected to be choosier. Here we hypothesize that the sex allocation, i.e. the reproductive investment devoted to the male versus female function, can be an important predictor of the mating strategy in simultaneous hermaphrodites. We argue that within-species variation in sex allocation can cause differences in the proportional fitness gain derived through each sex function. Individuals should therefore adjust their mating strategy in a way that is more beneficial to the sex function that is relatively more pronounced. To test this, we experimentally manipulated the sex allocation in a simultaneously hermaphroditic flatworm and investigated whether this affects the mating behaviour. The results demonstrate that individuals with a more malebiased sex allocation (i.e. relatively large testes and small ovaries) are more eager to mate compared with individuals with a more female-biased sex allocation (i.e. relatively small testes and large ovaries). We argue that this pattern is comparable to conventional gender roles in separate-sexed organisms.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex allocation predicts mating rate in a simultaneous hermaphrodite

Janicke

Schärer

2009

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…Several cultures were established but only two were kept and grown in 50 ml culture flasks. The strain IFR-MLO-01M was grown in K medium (Keller et al, 1987) while the second strain IFR-MLO-02M was grown in f/2 medium (Guillard & Ryther, 1962;Andersen et al, 2005). Both strains were maintained in a growth chamber set up at 22 ± 1.0°C and a 12 : 12 light: dark illumination cycle with~50 µmol photons m −2 s −1 provided by white fluorescent tubes.…”

Section: Sampling and Cultivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Madanidinium loirii gen. et sp. nov.(Dinophyceae), a new marine benthic dinoflagellate from Martinique Island, Eastern Caribbean

Chomérat

Bilien

2014

European Journal of Phycology

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“…Cell cultures of Micractinium conductrix strain Pbi (formerly Chlorella strain Pbi) were grown in FES medium (Reisser et al, 1986), while cultures of Chlorella heliozoae strain SAG 3.83 were grown in modified Bold's basal medium (Van Etten et al, 1983), and Chrysochromulina parva were grown in DY-V medium (Anderson et al, 2005). Viral lysates were generated for ATCV-1, CVM-1 and CpV-BQ1 by inoculating 1 ml of infectious viruses (i.e., 0.45-μm-filtered viral lysates) into 150 ml cultures of the appropriate host.…”

Section: Cell Culture Conditions and Estimating Virus Titersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal determinations of algal virus decay rates reveal overwintering in a temperate freshwater pond

Long

Short

2016

The ISME Journal

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To address questions about algal virus persistence (i.e., continued existence) in the environment, rates of decay of infectivity for two viruses that infect Chlorella-like algae, ATCV-1 and CVM-1, and a virus that infects the prymnesiophyte Chrysochromulina parva, CpV-BQ1, were estimated from in situ incubations in a temperate, seasonally frozen pond. A series of experiments were conducted to estimate rates of decay of infectivity in all four seasons with incubations lasting 21 days in spring, summer and autumn, and 126 days in winter. Decay rates observed across this study were relatively low compared with previous estimates obtained for other algal viruses, and ranged from 0.012 to 11% h − 1 . Overall, the virus CpV-BQ1 decayed most rapidly whereas ATCV-1 decayed most slowly, but for all viruses the highest decay rates were observed during the summer and the lowest were observed during the winter. Furthermore, the winter incubations revealed the ability of each virus to overwinter under ice as ATCV-1, CVM-1 and CpV-BQ1 retained up to 48%, 19% and 9% of their infectivity after 126 days, respectively. The observed resilience of algal viruses in a seasonally frozen freshwater pond provides a mechanism that can support the maintenance of viral seed banks in nature. However, the high rates of decay observed in the summer demonstrate that virus survival and therefore environmental persistence can be subject to seasonal bottlenecks.

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Recipes for Freshwater and Seawater Media

Cited by 278 publications

References 0 publications

Sex allocation predicts mating rate in a simultaneous hermaphrodite

Sex allocation predicts mating rate in a simultaneous hermaphrodite

Madanidinium loirii gen. et sp. nov.(Dinophyceae), a new marine benthic dinoflagellate from Martinique Island, Eastern Caribbean

Seasonal determinations of algal virus decay rates reveal overwintering in a temperate freshwater pond

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