Reciprocal and non-reciprocal action of the vagal and sympathetic nerves innervating the heart

Kollai, Márk; Koizumi, Kiyomi

doi:10.1016/0165-1838(79)90004-3

Cited by 172 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are considered the principal rapidly reacting systems that control heart rate. The 2 systems have different latent periods and different time courses 1,2 ; sympathetic effects on heart rate are much slower than parasympathetic. 3 Linear analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) can furnish noninvasive indexes of cardiac autonomic modulation in the presence of rhythmic variability.…”

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confidence: 99%

Symbolic Dynamics of Heart Rate Variability

et al. 2005

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Background-Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are considered the principal rapidly reacting systems that control heart rate. Methods and Results-We propose a symbolic analysis series to quantify the prevalence of sympathetic or parasympathetic cardiac modulation. This analysis decomposes the heart rate variability series in patterns lasting 3 beats and classifies them into 3 categories: nonvariable, variable, and very variable patterns referred to as 0V, 1V, and 2V patterns. First, we applied this method to experimental and pharmacological conditions characterized by sympathetic activation (tilt test, handgrip, nitroprusside, and high-dose atropine administration) or parasympathetic activation (phenylephrine and low-dose atropine administration) in 60 healthy subjects. An increase in sympathetic modulation and a vagal withdrawal elicited a significant increase in 0V patterns and a decrease in 2V patterns, whereas parasympathetic dominance induced the opposite, reflecting a reciprocal sympathovagal balance. The second part of the study considered a series of 300 beats before the onset of major arrhythmic events in patients with an implantable cardioverterdefibrillator. Symbolic analysis detected an increase in the percentage of 0V patterns before the onset of major arrhythmias compared with baseline (41.6Ϯ3.9% and 24.4Ϯ2.9%, respectively; PϽ0.01), indicating a sympathetic prevalence. On the other hand, the 2V patterns did not decrease before major arrhythmias, suggesting the presence of nonreciprocal autonomic modulations. Conclusions-Symbolic analysis of 3 beat sequences takes into account the different time course of sympathetic and parasympathetic cardiac modulations and seems appropriate for elucidating the neural pathophysiological mechanisms occurring during the short periods that precede acute cardiac events.

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confidence: 99%

Symbolic Dynamics of Heart Rate Variability

et al. 2005

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“…Theoretically, however, systemic chemoreceptors could be responsible for the correlation between resting MSA and cardiac noradrenaline spillover since stimulation of such receptors have been found to increase sympathetic outflow to the heart in cats (Kollai, Koizumi & Brooks, 1978 a) and to muscle in humans (Saito, Mano, Iwase, Koga, Abe & Yamazaki, 1988;Somers, Mark, Zavala & Abboud, 1989). Although unloading of arterial baroreceptors increases sympathetic nerve traffic to the heart in cats (Green & Heffron, 1968;Kollai & Koizumi, 1979) and to muscles in humans (Wallin & Eckberg, 1982;Sanders, Mark & Ferguson, 1988) they are unlikely candidates since arterial baroreceptors are known to adapt to the prevailing blood pressure (Korner, 1989). Similarly, reflex effects from cardiopulmonary receptors are unlikely to be important since atrial distension (i.e.…”

Section: Sympathetic Activity At Restmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous measurements of cardiac noradrenaline spillover and sympathetic outflow to skeletal muscle in humans.

Wallin

Esler

Dorward

et al. 1992

The Journal of Physiology

274

193

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SUMMARY1. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSA) was recorded in the peroneal nerve at the knee by microneurography in ten healthy subjects and determinations were made simultaneously of intra-arterial blood pressure, and whole-body and cardiac noradrenaline spillover to plasma. Measurements were made at rest, during isometric handgrip at 30% of maximum power and during stress induced by forced mental arithmetic.2. At rest there were significant positive correlations between spontaneous MSA (expressed as number of sympathetic bursts min-) and both spillover of noradrenaline from the heart and concentration of noradrenaline in coronary sinus venous plasma.3. Both isometric handgrip and mental arithmetic led to sustained increases of blood pressure, heart rate and MSA. Plasma concentrations of noradrenaline and spillover of noradrenaline (total body and cardiac) increased. In general the effects were more pronounced during handgrip than during stress. 4. When comparing effects during handgrip and stress the ratio between the fractional increases of MSA and cardiac noradrenaline spillover were significantly greater during handgrip.5. The data suggest (a) that there are proportional interindividual differences in the strength of resting sympathetic activity to heart and skeletal muscle which are determined by a common mechanism and (b) that handgrip and mental stress are associated with differences in balance between sympathetic outflows to heart and skeletal muscle.

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“…2 and 3). This phenomenon may be related to a reciprocal increase in sympathetic nervous system activity or in plasma vasopressin concentration (28,29), because a sinusoidal heart rate curve has been experimentally produced by vasopressin infusion into fetal lambs during vagal blockade (30). Reacting rapidly, the vagal system induces high-frequency components of HRV, but it also seems to damp slow sinusoidal accelerations of the heart rate.…”

Section: Heart Rate Beatslmin Lmpedance Respirogrammentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Heart Rate Variation by the Autonomic Nervous System in Neonatal Lambs

et al. 1990

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ABSTRACT. We studied the role of the autonomic nervous system in the regulation of heart rate variation (HRV) in 12 chronically instrumented neonatal lambs. HRV was quantified from ECG tracings by computing periodic HRV distributions at frequencies of 0.02-1.00 Hz, using power spectral analysis of heart rate, and also by HRV indices. Heart rate declined more during the 1st than the 2nd mo after birth. Multiple regression analysis showed that the heart rate responses to vagal and to @-adrenergic blockade had an independent negative association both with age and with the initial mean heart rate, whereas the overall HRV response had a positive association with age. Vagal blockade led to a 70-80% decrease in the beat-to-beat HRV in all lambs ( p < 0.001). The overall HRV indices decreased by 40-65% in lambs (< 30 d old ( p < 0.001) and about 30% in those >30 d old ( p < 0.05). In the power spectrum the greatest decrease was seen in the high-frequency components of HRV. @-Blockade led to a decrease of about 50% in all HRV ( p < 0.001) in the younger lambs, without frequency selection. In the older lambs, it had no effect on the beat-to-beat HRV, but the overall HRV (coefficient of variance) decreased maximally by 40% ( p < 0.01), with a significant reduction in the low-frequency components of HRV. These results suggest that in the regulation of HRV after birth dual control via the autonomic nervous system is most important. In the older lambs, developmental changes result in precise regulation of the fast heart rate fluctuations mainly by the vagal division, whereas the slow fluctuations are partially regulated by the vagal and @-adrenergic divisions. (Pediatv Res 27: 383-391, 1990) Abbreviations HRV, heart rate variation RMSM, root mean square of differences from the mean interval, overall HRV CV, coefficient of variation for RMSM, relative overall HRV RMSR, residual HRV (RMSM) after trend correction CVR, coefficient of variation for RMSR, relative residual HRV RMSSD, root mean square of successive interval differences, beat-to-beat HRV CVS, coefficient of variation for RMSSD, relative beat-tobeat HRV

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Reciprocal and non-reciprocal action of the vagal and sympathetic nerves innervating the heart

Cited by 172 publications

References 17 publications

Symbolic Dynamics of Heart Rate Variability

Symbolic Dynamics of Heart Rate Variability

Simultaneous measurements of cardiac noradrenaline spillover and sympathetic outflow to skeletal muscle in humans.

Regulation of Heart Rate Variation by the Autonomic Nervous System in Neonatal Lambs

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