Reciprocal Association of C-Reactive Protein With Adiponectin in Blood Stream and Adipose Tissue

Abstract

Background-High-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a well-known risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD).Recently, we have demonstrated that adiponectin served as an antiatherogenic plasma protein which was secreted specifically from adipocytes. The present study investigated the association between adiponectin and CRP in the blood stream and adipose tissue. Methods and Results-We studied a total of 101 male patients, 71 of whom had angiographically documented coronary atherosclerosis. As a control group, 30 patients with normal coronary angiogram were included. The plasma hs-CRP levels were negatively correlated with the plasma adiponectin levels (rϭϪ0.29, PϽ0.01). The plasma adiponectin concentrations were significantly lower and the hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in the CAD patients compared with control subjects. The mRNA levels of CRP and adiponectin were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method. We found that the CRP mRNA was expressed in human adipose tissue. A significant inverse correlation was observed between the CRP and adiponectin mRNA levels in human adipose tissue (rϭϪ0.89, PϽ0.01).In addition, the CRP mRNA level of white adipose tissue in adiponectin deficient mice was higher than that of wild-type mice. Key Words: coronary disease Ⅲ risk factors Ⅲ inflammation Ⅲ proteins C -reactive protein (CRP) is a well-known systemic marker for inflammation. Previous prospective studies indicate that a chronic low-grade inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and elevated highsensitive CRP (hs-CRP) level is a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). 1,2 Plasma hs-CRP levels were also strongly associated with obesity and obesity-related diseases, including insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. [3][4][5][6] Although a recent report indicated that the plasma hs-CRP level decreased during weight reduction, 6 the precise interaction of CRP with obesity has not been fully elucidated. Conclusions-TheAdipose tissue secretes various bioactive substances, conceptualized as adipocytokines, including leptin, tumor necrosis factor-␣ (TNF-␣), and adiponectin, that may directly contribute to obesity-liked metabolic and vascular diseases. 7,8 Adiponectin is an adipocyte-specific plasma protein that we identified in a human adipose tissue cDNA library. 8 We have reported that physiological concentrations of human recombinant adiponectin suppressed TNF-␣-induced endothelial adhesion molecule expression, macrophage-to-foam cell transformation, and TNF-␣ expression in macrophage and adipose tissue. 9 -12 Recently, we have reported that adiponectin-deficient mice exhibit severe diet-induced insulin resistance and enhanced neointimal thickening after vascular injury. 12,13 Clinically, hypoadiponectinemia was observed in patients with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and CAD. 9,14,15 These findings suggest that adiponectin has antiinflammatory properties and acts as an endogenous modulator of obesity-related diseases. Atherosclerosis can be...

Effects of marked weight loss on plasma levels of adiponectin, markers of chronic subclinical inflammation and insulin resistance in morbidly obese women

“…Moreover, the expression of CRP in adipose tissue is regulated by adiponectin. 34 The present study demonstrates that preoperative levels of CRP were predictive for the changes in adiponectin even after adjustment for sex, age, BMI, changes in BMI and preoperative impaired glucose metabolism (Figure 1). These data further support the supposed relationship between hypoadiponectinemia and low-grade chronic inflammation, closely related to increased hs-CRP levels.…”

The role of fat topology in the risk of disease

“…The anti-inflammatory function of adiponectin may prevent atherogenic cell phenomena, such as monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells, differentiation of monocytes to macrophages and, finally, foam cell formation. 35 Current studies have shown that adiponectin also induces various anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) or IL-1 receptor antagonists, and IL-10 is a biomarker for risk in acute coronary syndrome. 36 Acute coronary syndrome determines the prognosis of cardiovascular disease, in which plaque vulnerability is the important determinant of plaque rupture.…”

Associations of adiponectin with metabolic and vascular risk parameters in the British Regional Heart Study reveal stronger links to insulin resistance-related than to coronory heart disease risk-related parameters

“…The significant inverse relationship between adiponectin and CRP confirms other recent smaller studies reporting an inverse relationship between adiponectin and CRP independent of adiposity in non-diabetics. 21,30,31 Studies that have reported inverse associations between IL-6 and adiponectin have generally been carried out in obese subjects, 31,47 and the association of IL6 with adiponectin, which was dependent on adiposity in Abbreviation: CHD; coronary heart disease. Geometric mean adiponectin levels are shown.…”

“…2,24 In population-based studies, adiponectin is inversely associated with body mass index (BMI), insulin resistance, triglycerides, and positively associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, components of the metabolic syndrome. [25][26][27][28][29] Although adiponectin has been associated with markers of inflammation in particular, C-reactive protein (CRP) 30,31 associations with other proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) however have been less consistent 31 and based on small selected populations. Moreover, whether the potential anti-inflammatory properties of adiponectin are mediated by its effect on insulin resistance remains unknown.…”