Reciprocal chromosome painting between two South American bats: Carollia brevicauda and Phyllostomus hastatus (Phyllostomidae, Chiroptera)

Abstract

The Neotropical Phyllostomidae family is the third largest in the order Chiroptera, with 56 genera and 140 species. Most researchers accept this family as monophyletic but its species are anatomically diverse and complex, leading to disagreement on its systematics and evolutionary relationships. Most of the genera of Phyllostomidae have highly conserved karyotypes but with intense intergeneric variability, which makes any comparative analysis using classical banding difficult. The use of chromosome painting is a modern way of genomic comparison on the cytological level, and will clarify the intense intergenus chromosomal variability in Phyllostomidae. Whole chromosome probes of species were produced as a tool for evolutionary studies in this family from two species from different subfamilies, Phyllostomus hastatus and Carollia brevicauda, which have large morphological and chromosomal differences, and these probes were used in reciprocal chromosome painting. The hybridization of the Phyllostomus probes on the Carollia genome revealed 24 conserved segments, while the Carollia probes on the Phyllostomus genome detected 26 segments. Many chromosome rearrangements have occurred during the divergence of these two genera. The sequence of events suggested a large number of rearrangements during the differentiation of the genera followed by high chromosomal stability within each genus.

Biogeographical karyotypic variation of Rhinophylla fischerae (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) suggests the occurrence of cryptic species

“…In situ hybridization experiments were incubated for 48-72 h at 37°C. The hybridization signal was detected with avidin-Cy3 as described previously (Yang et al, 1995;Pieczarka et al, 2005). The images were captured with an Axiocam Mrm CCD camera, which was controlled by the Zeiss Axiovision 3.0 software.…”

“…There are few cytogenetic studies on bats from Brazilian Amazonia (Rodrigues et al, , 2003Neves et al, 2000;Ribeiro et al, 2003;Silva et al, 2005;Pieczarka et al, 2005). The results of these studies have shown that the Phyllostomidae has a high intrafamiliar karyotypic variation and often new species have been detected fi rst by different karyotypes.…”

The microchiropteran bat fauna of Singapore

“…Y 2 represents the non-fused autosome present only in males. In Chiroptera, this type of rearrangement was found in the vespertlionid Glischropus tylopus (Volleth and Yong, 1987;Volleth et al, 2001), and also in Phyllostomidae, where it is present in a large number of species of Stenodermatinae (e.g., Pieczar ka et al, 2013) and in the genus Carollia (e.g., Tucker and Bickham, 1986;Pieczarka et al, 2005). If not the X but the Y chromosome is fused with an autosome, the diploid chromosome number in females (2n) is higher than that of males (2n-1).…”

Un cariotipo del murciélago sedoso de cola corta (Carollia brevicauda [Schinz, 1821], Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) de los andes de Colombia

“…Otro tipo de información se ha reportado con el fin de explicar dicha variabilidad, desde la descripción de patrones biogeográficos (Hoffman y Baker 2003), caracterizaciones morfológicas (Pine 1972;McLellan 1984;Muñoz 1995;McLellan y Koopman 2008), cromosómicas (Patton y Gardner 1971;Stock 1975;Baker y Bleier 1971;Parish et al 2003;Pieczarka et al 2005;Noronha et al 2009) y/o moleculares de algunas de sus poblaciones (Baker et al 2002;Hoffman y Baker 2003;Solari y Baker 2006); pese a ello se desconoce información sobre los cromosomas de la especie en poblaciones andinas de Colombia.…”

“…En estudios previos se ha reportado que el cariotipo de C. brevicauda presenta un número cromosómico 2n = 20 hembras -21 machos (Patton y Gardner 1971;Stock 1975;Parish et al 2003;Pieczarka 2005). De manera general, para C. brevicauda se ha descrito una formula cariotípica compuesta por cuatro pares metacéntricos (4M), dos pares submetacéntricos (2SM) y tres pares subtelocéntricos (3ST); el número fundamental (NF) es 36.…”