Reciprocal control of flowering time by OsSOC1 in transgenic Arabidopsis and by FLC in transgenic rice

Tadege, Million; Sheldon, Candice C.; Helliwell, Chris A.; Upadhyaya, Narayana M.; Dennis, Elizabeth S.; Peacock, W. James

doi:10.1046/j.1467-7652.2003.00034.x

Cited by 81 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…Interestingly, no convincing orthologues of FLC and FRI were found in the rice genome (37). Temperate cereals such as wheat and barley also show vernalization responses; however, the genes involved in these responses are not conserved between Arabidopsis and cereals (38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in Hd1 proteins, Hd3a promoters, and Ehd1 expression levels contribute to diversity of flowering time in cultivated rice

Takahashi

Teshima

Yokoi

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

266

295

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Rice is a facultative short-day plant, and molecular genetic studies have identified the major genes involved in short-day flowering. However, the molecular mechanisms promoting the diversity of flowering time in cultivated rice are not known. We used a core collection of 64 rice cultivars that represent the genetic diversity of 332 accessions from around the world and studied the expression levels and polymorphisms of 6 genes in the short-day flowering pathway. The RNA levels of Heading date 3a (Hd3a), encoding a floral activator, are highly correlated with flowering time, and there is a high degree of polymorphism in the Heading date 1 (Hd1) protein, which is a major regulator of Hd3a expression. Functional and nonfunctional alleles of Hd1 are associated with early and late flowering, respectively, suggesting that Hd1 is a major determinant of variation in flowering time of cultivated rice. We also found that the type of Hd3a promoter and the level of Ehd1 expression contribute to the diversity in flowering time and Hd3a expression level. We evaluated the contributions of these 3 factors by a statistical analysis using a simple linear model, and the results supported our experimental observations.) has evolved during the last 8,000 to 10,000 years of domestication and breeding (1, 2). A major reason for the spread of rice cultivation to a wide range of geographical regions, and for the increases in yield, is the diversification of flowering time (1). In general, rice is known as a short-day plant that induces transition from the vegetative phase to the reproductive phase when it senses a decrease in day length. The molecular genetic pathway for short-day flowering in cultivated rice (Fig. 1A) is relatively well characterized (3-5). Signals from light and circadian clocks are received by OsGI, the rice orthologue of Arabidopsis GIGANTEA, and it regulates expression of Heading date 1 (Hd1) and OsMADS51 (6-8). Hd1 and its Arabidopsis orthologue CONSTANS encode zinc-finger type transcriptional activators with the CO, CO-like, and TOC1 (CCT) domains (9). Hd1 regulates Heading date 3a (Hd3a) expression (7, 9, 10). Hd3a is a rice orthologue of Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), and these genes recently were shown to encode a mobile flowering signal (11-16). RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T1 (RFT1) belongs to the rice FT-like gene family and functions as a floral activator, acting redundantly with Hd3a (17, 18). OsMADS51 encodes a type I MADSbox gene and functions upstream of Early heading date 1 (Ehd1) (8). Ehd1 encodes a B-type response regulator and acts as an activator of Hd3a independently from Hd1 (19). No clear orthologues of Ehd1 or OsMADS51 are found in the Arabidopsis genome. Although the genetic pathway for short-day flowering in rice is relatively well understood, the molecular mechanisms generating the diversity of flowering time in cultivated rice are not known. In this study, we analyzed the expression and nucleotide sequences of genes involved in short-day flowering in rice. Our study revealed that allelic vari...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in Hd1 proteins, Hd3a promoters, and Ehd1 expression levels contribute to diversity of flowering time in cultivated rice

Takahashi

Teshima

Yokoi

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

266

295

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“…Flowers of grasses and Arabidopsis differ in perianth structure and arrangement. However, grasses have many Arabidopsis flowering-related homologs including LFY and SOC1, and they also have the corresponding ABCDE model of eudicots with lodicules as modified petals, and palea and lemma as modified sepals, indicating that their flowers probably develop through similar genetic control mechanisms (Ambrose et al, 2000;Tadege et al, 2003;Kater et al, 2006;Alexandre and Hennig, 2008). A flowering model of rice is proposed based on the Arabidopsis flowering model and rice genomic sequences (Goff et al, 2002;Izawa et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding bamboo flowering based on large-scale analysis of expressed sequence tags

Lin

Chow

Chen³

et al. 2010

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Unlike other plants, bamboo (Bambusoideae) flowering is an elusive physiological phenomena, because it is unpredictable, longperiodic, gregarious, and uncontrollable; also, bamboo plants usually die after flowering. The flowering mechanism in Arabidopsis thaliana, a eudicot model species, is well established, but it remains unknown in bamboo species. We found 4470 and 3878 expressed sequence tags in the flower bud and vegetative shoot cDNA libraries, respectively, of the bamboo species, Bambusa oldhamii. Different genes were found expressed in bamboo flower buds compared to vegetative shoots, based on the Munich Information Center for Protein Sequences functional categorization; flowering-related genes were also identified in this species. We also identified Arabidopsis flowering-specific homologs that are involved in its photoperiod in this bamboo species, along with autonomous, vernalization and gibberellin-dependent pathways, indicating that bamboos may have a similar mechanism to control floral transition. Some bamboo expressed sequence tags shared high similarity with those of rice, but others did not match any known sequences. Our data lead us to conclude that bamboo may have its own unique flowering genes. This information can help us understand bamboo flowering and provides useful experimental methods to study the mechanisms involved.

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“…Of these loci, we found several known genes or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that included DPL2 (hybrid incompatibility 27 ) (Fig. 1c), OsSOC1 and Ghd7 (flowering time [28][29][30] ) and qCTS12 (cold tolerance 31 ), all of which have been reported to be closely related to indica-japonica differentiation in rice. Hence, the highly differentiated loci can provide important clues for searching the genes involved in local adaptation.…”

Section: Analysis Of Wild Rice Populationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

A map of rice genome variation reveals the origin of cultivated rice

Huang

Kurata

Wei

et al. 2012

Nature

1,408

109

1,518

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Crop domestications are long-term selection experiments that have greatly advanced human civilization. The domestication of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) ranks as one of the most important developments in history. However, its origins and domestication processes are controversial and have long been debated. Here we generate genome sequences from 446 geographically diverse accessions of the wild rice species Oryza rufipogon, the immediate ancestral progenitor of cultivated rice, and from 1,083 cultivated indica and japonica varieties to construct a comprehensive map of rice genome variation. In the search for signatures of selection, we identify 55 selective sweeps that have occurred during domestication. In-depth analyses of the domestication sweeps and genome-wide patterns reveal that Oryza sativa japonica rice was first domesticated from a specific population of O. rufipogon around the middle area of the Pearl River in southern China, and that Oryza sativa indica rice was subsequently developed from crosses between japonica rice and local wild rice as the initial cultivars spread into South East and South Asia. The domestication-associated traits are analysed through high-resolution genetic mapping. This study provides an important resource for rice breeding and an effective genomics approach for crop domestication research.Cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), which is grown worldwide and is one of the most important cereals for human nutrition, is considered to have been domesticated from wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) thousands of years ago 1-4 . The differences between O. sativa and O. rufipogon are reflected in a wide range of morphological and physiological traits [5][6][7][8][9] . Despite the fact that rice is a major cereal and a model system for plant biology, the evolutionary origins and domestication processes of cultivated rice have long been debated. The puzzles about rice domestication include: (1) where the geographic origin of cultivated rice was, (2) which types of O. rufipogon served as its direct wild progenitor, and (3) whether the two subspecies of cultivated rice, indica and japonica, are derived from a single or multiple domestications.A wide range of genetic and archaeological studies have been carried out to examine the phylogenetic relationships of rice, and investigate the demographic history of rice domestication [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] . Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicated that indica and japonica originated independently 3,10,20 . However, the well-characterized domestication genes in rice were found to be fixed in both subspecies with the same alleles, thus supporting a single domestication origin [6][7][8][9]16 . Recently, a demographic analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected from 630 gene fragments suggested a single domestication origin of rice 17 . Meanwhile, population genetics analyses of genome-wide data of cultivated and wild rice have tended to suggest that indica and japonica genomes generally appear to be of independent origin 1...

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Reciprocal control of flowering time by OsSOC1 in transgenic Arabidopsis and by FLC in transgenic rice

Abstract: SummaryIn a screen for MADS box genes which activate and/or repress flowering in rice, we identified a gene encoding a MADS domain protein (OsSOC1) related to the Arabidopsis gene

Cited by 81 publications

References 38 publications

Variations in Hd1 proteins, Hd3a promoters, and Ehd1 expression levels contribute to diversity of flowering time in cultivated rice

Variations in Hd1 proteins, Hd3a promoters, and Ehd1 expression levels contribute to diversity of flowering time in cultivated rice

Understanding bamboo flowering based on large-scale analysis of expressed sequence tags

A map of rice genome variation reveals the origin of cultivated rice

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