Reciprocal influences of the ventromedial and lateral hypothalamic nuclei on blood glucose level and liver glycogen content

Shimazu, Takashi; Fukuda, Aoi; Ban, Tadanobu

doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(96)90348-2

Cited by 18 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Direct neural regulation of glucagon secretion in the pancreas is confirmed by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus (7,8) or chemical stimulation with neostigmine (121, 2-DG (131, or TRH (14). However, in this study, glucagon secretion induced by BMI did not occur in the ADX rats.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Bicuculline Methiodide Influences the Central Nervous System to Produce Hyperglycemia in Rats

Nonogaki

Iguchi

Sakamoto

1994

J Neuroendocrinology

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The influence of bicuculline methiodide (BMI), a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor antagonist, on central nervous system regulation of blood glucose homeostasis was studied in fed rats. Injection of BMI (1-10 nmol) into the third ventricle was found to produce hepatic venous hyperglycemia in a dose-dependent manner. This change was associated with increased secretion of epinephrine and glucagon. The role of epinephrine in hyperglycemia was then studied in bilaterally adrenalectomized (ADX) rats injected with BMI. Plasma glucose concentration was found to increase in ADX rats although the level was approximately half that for intact rats and significantly higher than for controls. The increase in epinephrine and glucagon secretion seen in intact rats, but not in ADX rats, suggests BMI induced epinephrine release is responsible for the glucagon secretion. Three possible mechanisms are suggested to account for the rise in plasma glucose in the hepatic vein after injection of BMI: 1) that epinephrine is secreted by the adrenal medulla, 2) that epinephrine secretion stimulates glucagon secretion or 3) that there may be some direct innervation of the liver in rats.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Bicuculline Methiodide Influences the Central Nervous System to Produce Hyperglycemia in Rats

Nonogaki

Iguchi

Sakamoto

1994

J Neuroendocrinology

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“…Thus, it is not likely that changes in the levels of these pancreatic hormones can account for the effects of ICV OA on hepatic glucose fluxes. Of note, electrical stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus causes an increase in the activity of PEPCK and Glc-6-Pase, key gluconeogenic enzymes, and a marked suppression of pyruvate kinase, a key glycolytic enzyme in rat liver (69,71). Stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus, on the other hand, leads to a decrease in PEPCK activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothalamic Responses to Long-chain Fatty Acids Are Nutritionally Regulated

Morgan

Obici²,

Rossetti

2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

171

121

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Central administration of the long-chain fatty acid oleic acid inhibits food intake and glucose production in rats. Here we examined whether short term changes in nutrient availability can modulate these metabolic and behavioral effects of oleic acid. Rats were divided in three groups receiving a highly palatable energy-dense diet at increasing daily caloric levels (below, similar, or above the average of rats fed standard chow). Following 3 days on the assigned diet regimen, rats were tested for acute biological responses to the infusion of oleic acid in the third cerebral ventricle. Three days of overfeeding virtually obliterated the metabolic and anorectic effects of the central administration of oleic acid. Furthermore, the infusion of oleic acid in the third cerebral ventricle failed to decrease the expression of neuropeptide Y in the hypothalamus and of glucose-6-phosphatase in the liver following short term overfeeding. The lack of hypothalamic responses to oleic acid following short term overfeeding is likely to contribute to the rapid onset of weight gain and hepatic insulin resistance in this animal model.Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) 1 share several metabolic features, which include insulin resistance (1-3). The incidence of obesity and DM2 has risen significantly in developed and developing countries. For example, in the United States alone there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of obesity among both children and adults over the last 10 years (4, 5). Consumption of high calorie diets and sedentary lifestyles play major roles in this trend (2,4,6). Similarly, exposure to palatable diets with high caloric density (high in fat) induces a variable degree of weight gain and insulin resistance in mice (7,8), rats (9 -11), pigs (12), dogs (13), and monkeys (14).Evolutionary pressures may have favored the selection of genes, which maximize energy storage when food availability is high (15-18). We and others have proposed that a rapid increase in caloric intake initiates a "tug of war" between peripheral "anabolic signals" (19) and hypothalamic "catabolic signals" (20 -26). The effects of hormones, such as leptin (27-31) and insulin (24,25,32,33), and perhaps nutrients, such as fatty acids (21,23,26), within the hypothalamus initiate a negative feedback, which includes restraint on food intake, stimulation of energy expenditure, and decreased output of nutrients from endogenous sources (mainly from the liver). Animals and humans may be susceptible to weight gain and altered metabolic regulation when this negative feedback is disrupted. The rapid onset of leptin resistance in rodent models of voluntary overfeeding provides initial support for this theory (34, 35).Here we test the hypothesis that short term increase in caloric intake rapidly induces resistance to the central effects of the long-chain fatty acid, oleic acid (OA). Thus, we examined whether changes in nutritional status lead to alterations in the central effects of OA on feeding behavior and glucose production. EXPERI...

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“…The VMN [17] also plays an important role in the regulation of energy balance with involvement in glucose metabolism [18, 19], food intake [20] and energy expenditure [21]. As with the ARC, studies of the rat brain have shown that the VMN receives neural input from various forebrain regions and other hypothalamic nuclei as well as the mid-brain and brain stem [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Connectivity in the Mediobasal Hypothalamus of the Sheep Brain

Qi¹,

Iqbal²,

Oldfield³

et al. 2007

Neuroendocrinology

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The ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN) and the arcuate nucleus (ARC) are two centres regulating energy balance and food intake, but inter-connectivity of these nuclei is not well defined in non-rodent species. In this study, we performed retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry in the ovine brain with ewes receiving FluoroGold® (FG) injections into either ARC or VMN for the mapping of retrogradely labelled cells. Strong reciprocal connections were found between the two regions. The distribution of the FG labelled neurons in other regions of the hypothalamus and brain stem was also mapped. Some of the cells projecting from ARC to VMN were immunopositive for neuropeptide Y, galanin, adrenocorticotropin (marker of pro-opiomelanocortin cells) or tyrosine hydroxylase (marker of dopaminergic cells). Melanin-concentrating hormone and orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area were also found to provide input to the VMN and ARC. This observed interconnectivity between regions important for metabolic regulation and other neuroendocrine functions presumably allows coordinated functions. Input to both the ARC and VMN from other brain regions, such as brain stem cell groups, provides a further level of regulation. These data provide a substrate upon which further understanding of appetite regulation and neuroendocrine function can be derived in this species.

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Reciprocal influences of the ventromedial and lateral hypothalamic nuclei on blood glucose level and liver glycogen content

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Bicuculline Methiodide Influences the Central Nervous System to Produce Hyperglycemia in Rats

Bicuculline Methiodide Influences the Central Nervous System to Produce Hyperglycemia in Rats

Hypothalamic Responses to Long-chain Fatty Acids Are Nutritionally Regulated

Neural Connectivity in the Mediobasal Hypothalamus of the Sheep Brain

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