Reciprocal Relationship Between Pain and Depression: A 12-Month Longitudinal Analysis in Primary Care

Kroenke, Kurt; Wu, Jingwei; Bair, Matthew J.; Krebs, Erin E.; Damush, Teresa M.; Tu, Wanzhu

doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2011.03.003

Cited by 477 publications

(415 citation statements)

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“…Pain is associated generally with increased risk of depression (Kroenke et al . 2011) and breastfeeding pain has been associated with increased risk of PND (Watkins et al . 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the relationship between breastfeeding and postnatal depression: the role of pain and physical difficulties

Brown

Rance

Bennett

2015

Journal of Advanced Nursing

163

128

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AimsTo examine the relationship between specific reasons for stopping breastfeeding and depressive symptoms in the postnatal period.BackgroundDifficulty breastfeeding has been connected to postnatal depression although it is unclear whether difficulty breastfeeding precedes or succeeds a diagnosis. However, the concept of ‘breastfeeding difficulty’ is wide and includes biological, psychological and social factors.DesignA cross‐sectional self‐report survey.MethodsData were collected between December 2012 and February 2013. 217 women with an infant aged 0‐6 months who had started breastfeeding at birth but had stopped before 6 months old completed a questionnaire examining breastfeeding duration and reasons for stopping breastfeeding. They further completed a copy of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.ResultsA short breastfeeding duration and multiple reasons for stopping breastfeeding were associated with higher depression score. However, in a regression analysis only the specific reasons of stopping breastfeeding for physical difficulty and pain remained predictive of depression score.ConclusionsUnderstanding women's specific reasons for stopping breastfeeding rather than breastfeeding duration is critical in understanding women's breastfeeding experience and providing women with emotional support. Issues with pain and physical breastfeeding were most indicative of postnatal depression in comparison to psychosocial reasons highlighting the importance of spending time with new mothers to help them with issues such as latch.

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“…Pain is associated generally with increased risk of depression (Kroenke et al . 2011) and breastfeeding pain has been associated with increased risk of PND (Watkins et al . 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the relationship between breastfeeding and postnatal depression: the role of pain and physical difficulties

Brown

Rance

Bennett

2015

Journal of Advanced Nursing

163

128

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In a longitudinal study on 500 patients with persistent pain, pain and depression had strong and similar effects on one another over a 12-month period [26]. There is substantial evidence that the substantial variation in symptom intensity and magnitude of disability for a given pathophysiology is best explained by psychological and sociological factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Disability Correlate With Impairment After Hand Injury?

Farzad

Asgari

Dashab

et al. 2015

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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Background Any loss or deviation in body function and structure is considered impairment, whereas limitations on activities are fundamental to the definition of disability. Although it seems intuitive that the two should be closely related, this might not be the case; there is some evidence that psychosocial factors are more important determinants of disability than are objective impairments. However, the degree to which this is the case has been incompletely explored.Questions/purposes The purpose of this study was to determine if disability (as measured by the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand [DASH] and the Michigan Hand Questionnaire [MHQ]) and pain intensity correlate with impairment (as measured by the American Medical Association [AMA] impairment guide). Secondary study questions addressed the effect of pain intensity and symptom of depression on predicting disability. Methods Impairment and disability were evaluated in a sample of 107 hand-injured patients a mean of 11 months after injury. Impairment rating was performed prospectively. From the patients who came for therapy, they were invited to fill out the questionnaire and evaluated for impairment rating. Response variables of DASH, MHQ, and visual analog scale pain intensity values were collected at the same setting. Other explanatory variables included demographic, injury-related, and psychological factors (symptoms of depression measured with the Beck Depression Inventory). Initial bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine correlations of disability and pain to impairment rating and other exploratory variables.Each author certifies that he or she, or a member of his or her immediate family, has no funding or commercial associations (eg, consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 1 editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request. Each author certifies that his or her institution approved the human protocol for this investigation, that all investigations were conducted in conformity with ethical principles of research, and that informed consent for participation in the study was obtained. 123 Clin Orthop Relat Res (2015) 473:3470-3476 DOI 10.1007/s11999-015-4228-7 Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research ® A Publication of The Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons®Results Disability as measured by the DASH showed intermediate correlation with AMA impairment (r = 0 .38, beta = 0.36, p = 0.000). Together with gender, it accounted for only 22% of the variability in DASH scores. Similarly, MHQ score correlated with impairment rating (r = À0.24, beta = À0.23, p \ 0.05). However, together with age, injured hand accounted for only 19% of the variability in MHQ scores. However, pain intensity did not correlate with impairment (r = À0.46, p [ 0.05). Interestingly...

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“…Although this study's cross-sectional design precludes causal inferences, one plausible interpretation of these data is that the presence of posttraumatic stress symptoms amplifies the experience of chronic pain, and/or perhaps vice versa. A recent longitudinal study uncovered the complex nature of depression and chronic pain, detailing how the two reciprocally serve to exacerbate and maintain one another [58]. It would be logical to suppose that PTSD and chronic pain may follow a similar pattern.…”

Section: Outcalt Et Al Veterans With Comorbid Chronic Pain and Ptsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain experience of Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans with comorbid chronic pain and posttraumatic stress

Outcalt

Ang

et al. 2014

J Rehabil Res Dev

Self Cite

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Abstract-Chronic pain and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) co-occur at high rates, and Veterans from recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan may be particularly vulnerable to both conditions. The objective of this study was to identify key aspects of chronic pain, cognitions, and psychological distress associated with comorbid PTSD among this sample of Veterans. Baseline data were analyzed from a randomized controlled trial testing a stepped-care intervention for chronic musculoskeletal pain. Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom (OIF/OEF) Veterans with chronic pain only (n = 173) were compared with those with chronic pain and clinically significant posttraumatic stress symptoms (n = 68). Group differences on pain characteristics, pain cognitions, and psychological distress were evaluated. Results demonstrated that OIF/OEF Veterans with comorbid chronic musculoskeletal pain and PTSD experienced higher pain severity, greater painrelated disability and increased pain interference, more maladaptive pain cognitions (e.g., catastrophizing, self-efficacy, pain centrality), and higher affective distress than those with chronic pain alone. Veterans of recent military conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan may be particularly vulnerable to the compounded adverse effects of chronic pain and PTSD. These results highlight a more intense and disabling pain and psychological experience for those with chronic pain and PTSD than for those without PTSD. Clinical

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Reciprocal Relationship Between Pain and Depression: A 12-Month Longitudinal Analysis in Primary Care

Cited by 477 publications

References 50 publications

Understanding the relationship between breastfeeding and postnatal depression: the role of pain and physical difficulties

Understanding the relationship between breastfeeding and postnatal depression: the role of pain and physical difficulties

Does Disability Correlate With Impairment After Hand Injury?

Pain experience of Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans with comorbid chronic pain and posttraumatic stress

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