Reciprocating machinery bearing analysis: Theory and practice

Goodwin, Michael; Nikolajsen, Jorgen L.; Ogrodnik, Peter

doi:10.1243/135065003322620246

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…As a consequence, the exponential contribution of the Cf created by wheel imbalance causes the cart parts to fail. The force generated by such excessive vibration leads to dramatic shortening of the useful bearing life (Goodwin et al, 2003). The example in Figure 5 is for a car tyre illustrating the imbalance caused by 0.03 g in Cf at various speeds (Gough and Whitehall, 1962).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative airport 4.0 condition-based maintenance system for baggage handling DCV systems

Koenig

Found

Kumar

2019

IJPPM

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the findings of a recent study conducted with the objective of addressing the problem of failure of baggage carts in the high-speed baggage tunnel at Heathrow Terminal 5 by the development of an innovative condition-based maintenance (CBM) system designed to meet the requirements of 21st century airport systems and Industry 4.0. Design/methodology/approach An empirical experimental approach to this action research was taken to install a vibration condition monitoring pilot test in the north tunnel at Terminal 5. Vibration data were collected over a 6-month period and analysed to find the threshold of good quality tyres and those with worn bearings that needed replacement. The results were compared with existing measures to demonstrate that vibration monitoring could be used as a predictive model for CBM. Findings The findings demonstrated a clear trend of increasing vibration velocity with age and use of the baggage cart wheels caused by wheel mass unbalanced inertia that was transmitted to the tracks as vibration. As a result, preventative maintenance is essential to ensure the smooth running of airport baggage. This research demonstrates that a healthy wheel produces vibration of under 60 mm/s whereas a damaged wheel measures up to 100 mm/s peak to peak velocity and this can be used in real-time condition monitoring to prevent baggage cart failure. It can also run as an autonomous system linked to AI and Industry 4.0 airport logic. Originality/value Whilst vibration monitoring has been used to measure movement in static structures such as bridges and used in rotating machinery such as railway wheels (Tondon and Choudhury, 1999); this is unique as it is the first time it has been applied on a stationary structure (tracks) carrying high-speed rotating machinery (baggage cart wheels). This technique has been patented and proven in the pilot study and is in the process of being rolled out to all Heathrow terminal connection tunnels. It has implications for all other airports worldwide and, with new economic sensors, to other applications that rely on moving conveyor belts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative airport 4.0 condition-based maintenance system for baggage handling DCV systems

Koenig

Found

Kumar

2019

IJPPM

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“…Consequently, the exponential contribution of the Cf created by a wheel inbalance, causes cart parts to fail. This force is extremely high, causing a dramatic shortening of the useful life of the bearings (Goodwin et al, 2003).…”

Section: Where To Measure Vibration?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Condition monitoring for airport baggage handling in the era of industry 4.0

Koenig

Found

Kumar

2019

JQME

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Purpose:The findings of a recent study are presented, which was conducted with the objective of addressing the problem of the failure of baggage carts within the high-speed baggage tunnel at Heathrow Terminal 5 through the development of an innovative condition-based maintenance system designed to meet the requirements of 21 st century airport systems and Industry 4.0.Methodology: An empirical experimental approach to this action research was taken to install a vibration condition monitoring pilot test in the north tunnel at Terminal 5. Vibration data were collected over a 6-month period and analysed to determine the threshold for good quality tyres and those with worn bearings that needed replacing. The results were compared with existing measures to demonstrate that vibration monitoring could be used as a predictive model for condition-based maintenance. Findings:The findings demonstrated a clear trend of increasing vibration velocity with age, with the wheel mass unbalanced inertia of the carts being transmitted to the tracks as vibration. This research demonstrates that a healthy wheel produces a vibration of less than 60mm/s whereas a damaged wheel measures up to 100 mm/s peak to peak velocity, which can be used in real-time condition monitoring to prevent baggage cart failure. It can also run as an autonomous system linked to AI and Industry 4.0 airport logic.Originality/Value: Whilst vibration monitoring has been used to measure movement in static structures, such as bridges, and in rotating machinery, such as railway wheels (Tondon and Choudhury, 1999) this application is unique as it is the first time vibration monitoring has been applied to a stationary structure (tracks) carrying high-speed rotating machinery (baggage cart wheels). This technique has been patented and proven in the pilot study and is in the process of being rolled out across all Heathrow terminal connection tunnels. It has implications for all other airports world-wide, and also to other applications that rely on moving conveyor belts.

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“…While nearly all articles include useful reference lists, certain articles are particularly comprehensive [24,33,37,40,48]. Such reviews, although necessarily dated, provide an interesting historical commentary on bearing analysis modelling approaches, analysis concerns, and computational capabilities at various times over the last 20 years.…”

Section: Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such reviews, although necessarily dated, provide an interesting historical commentary on bearing analysis modelling approaches, analysis concerns, and computational capabilities at various times over the last 20 years. The review by Goodwin et al [48] is notable for breadth and depth.…”

Section: Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%