Reciprocating side-firing fiber for laser sealing of blood vessels

Giglio, Nicholas C.; Grose, Haleigh; Fried, Nathaniel M.

doi:10.1117/12.2605599

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Using the elliptical beam dimensions of 0.06 × 0.08 cm at the tissue surface, scanned over a length of 1.1 cm, it is possible to estimate the total fluence (J/cm 2 ) delivered to the tissue by the reciprocating beam, for each incident power and irradiation time. An average uncompressed vessel diameter of about 0.33 cm used in these studies, and a typical 50% increase in vessel width with compression previously reported by several research groups [ 12 , 13 ] to 0.50 cm, yields a correction factor of (0.50 / 1.1), or 0.45. Thus, the laser beam scan length of 1.1 cm is only incident on the compressed tissue sample width of 0.5 cm, 45% of the time.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Simultaneous sealing and bisection of porcine renal blood vessels, ex vivo, using a continuous-wave, infrared diode laser at 1470 nm

Saeed,

Yoshino,

Traynham

et al. 2024

Lasers Med Sci

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Electrosurgical and ultrasonic devices are used in surgical procedures for hemostatic sealing and bisection of vascular tissues. Previous benchtop studies alternatively demonstrated successful infrared laser sealing and cutting of blood vessels, in a sequential, two-step approach. This study describes a smaller, laparoscopic device compatible design, and simultaneous approach to sealing and bisection of vessels, with potential optical feedback. A 1470-nm infrared diode laser sealed and bisected 40 porcine renal arteries, ex vivo. A reciprocating, side-firing, optical fiber, housed in a transparent square quartz optical chamber (2.7 × 2.7 × 25 mm outer dimensions), delivered laser energy over an 11 mm scan length, with a range of incident powers (41–59 W) and treatment times (5–21 s). Vessel diameters ranged from 2.5 to 4.8 mm. Vessel burst pressure measurements were performed on each cut end (n = 80) with success indicated by pressures exceeding 360 mmHg. All vessel ends were successfully sealed and bisected (80/80). The highest incident power, 59 W, yielded short treatment times of 5–6 s. Peak temperatures on the external chamber surface reached 103 oC. Time to cool down to body temperature measured 37 s. Infrared lasers simultaneously seal and bisect blood vessels, with treatment times comparable to, and temperatures and cooling times lower than reported for conventional devices. Future work will focus on integrating the fiber and chamber into a standard 5-mm-outer-diameter laparoscopic device. Customization of fiber scan length to match vessel size may also reduce laser energy deposition, enabling lower peak temperatures, treatment times, and cooling times.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Simultaneous sealing and bisection of porcine renal blood vessels, ex vivo, using a continuous-wave, infrared diode laser at 1470 nm

Saeed,

Yoshino,

Traynham

et al. 2024

Lasers Med Sci

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“…An incident power of 30 W was delivered for 5 s of total laser irradiation time using elliptical beam dimensions of 0.06 cm × 0.08 cm, scanned over a length of 1.1 cm. Given an average uncompressed vessel diameter of 0.32 cm, and a typical 50% increase in vessel width with compression 6,12,13 to 0.48 cm, yields a correction factor of (0.48/1.1), or 0.44. The rectangular beam area for the entire scan length is given by the width of the beam (0.08 cm) times the length of the scan (1.1 cm), or 0.088 cm 2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of quartz and sapphire optical chambers for infrared laser sealing of vascular tissues using a reciprocating, side‐firing optical fiber: Simulations and experiments

Saeed,

O'Brien,

Yoshino

et al. 2023

Lasers Surg Med

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IntroductionInfrared (IR) lasers are being tested as an alternative to radiofrequency (RF) and ultrasonic (US) surgical devices for hemostatic sealing of vascular tissues. In previous studies, a side‐firing optical fiber with elliptical IR beam output was reciprocated, producing a linear IR laser beam pattern for uniform sealing of blood vessels. Technical challenges include limited field‐of‐view of vessel position within the metallic device jaws, and matching fiber scan length to variable vessel sizes. A transparent jaw may improve visibility and enable custom treatment.MethodsQuartz and sapphire square optical chambers (2.7 × 2.7 × 25 [mm3] outer dimensions) were tested, capable of fitting into a 5‐mm‐OD laparoscopic device. A 1470 nm laser was used for optical transmission studies. Razor blade scans and an IR beam profiler acquired fiber (550‐µm‐core/0.22NA) output beam profiles. Thermocouples recorded peak temperatures and cooling times on internal and external chamber surfaces. Optical fibers with angle polished distal tips delivered 94% of light at a 90° angle. Porcine renal arteries with diameters of 3.4 ± 0.7 mm (n = 13) for quartz and 3.2 ± 0.7 mm (n = 14) for sapphire chambers (p > 0.05), were sealed using 30 W for 5 s.ResultsReflection losses at material/air interfaces were 3.3% and 7.4% for quartz and sapphire. Peak temperatures on the external chamber surface averaged 74 ± 8°C and 73 ± 10°C (p > 0.05). Times to cool down to 37°C measured 13 ± 4 s and 27 ± 7 s (p < 0.05). Vessel burst pressures (BP) averaged 883 ± 393 mmHg and 412 ± 330 mmHg (p < 0.05). For quartz, 13/13 (100%) vessels were sealed (BP > 360 mmHg), versus 9/14 (64%) for sapphire. Computer simulations for the quartz chamber yielded peak temperatures (78°C) and cooling times (16 s) similar to experiments.ConclusionsQuartz is an inexpensive material for use in a laparoscopic device jaw, providing more consistent vessel seals and faster cooling times than sapphire and current RF and US devices.

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“…The laser spot on tissue was 600 x 800 µm. Using power (P = 30 W), time (t = 5 s), scan length (1.1 cm), scan area (A = 0.088 cm 2 ), and increase in compressed vessel width by 50% [6,10,11], for a correction of C = 0.44, total fluence is F = (C P t) / A = 750 J/cm 2 .…”

Section: Optical Characterization Of Side-firing Fibermentioning

confidence: 99%

Quartz versus sapphire optical chambers for use in infrared laser sealing of blood vessels

Saeed,

O'Brien,

Yoshino

et al. 2024

Advanced Photonics in Urology 2024

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Infrared (IR) lasers are being tested as an alternative to radiofrequency (RF) and ultrasonic (US) devices for hemostatic sealing of vascular tissues. In recent studies, a side-firing optical fiber was reciprocated, producing a linear laser beam pattern for sealing blood vessels. Challenges include limited field-of-view of vessel position within the device jaws, and matching fiber scan length to vessel size. A transparent jaw may improve visibility and enable custom treatment. Quartz and sapphire square optical chambers (2.7 x 2.7 x 25 mm OD) were tested with a 1470 nm laser and 550-µmcore fiber. Peak temperatures and cooling times were recorded on chamber surfaces. Angle polished fiber tips delivered 94% of light at a 90 o angle. Porcine renal arteries with diameters of 3.4±0.7 mm (n=13) for quartz and 3.2±0.7 mm (n=14) for sapphire (P>0.05), were sealed using 30 W for 5 s. Reflection losses were 3.3% and 7.4% for quartz and sapphire. Peak temperatures on external chamber surface averaged 74±8 o C and 73±10 o C (P>0.05). Times to cool down to 37 o C measured 13±4 s and 27±7 s (P<0.05). Vessel burst pressures (BP) averaged 883±393 mmHg and 412±330 mmHg (P<0.05). For quartz, 13/13 (100%) vessels were sealed (BP>360 mmHg), versus 9/14 (64%) for sapphire. Quartz provided more consistent seals and shorter cooling times than sapphire.

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Reciprocating side-firing fiber for laser sealing of blood vessels

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Simultaneous sealing and bisection of porcine renal blood vessels, ex vivo, using a continuous-wave, infrared diode laser at 1470 nm

Simultaneous sealing and bisection of porcine renal blood vessels, ex vivo, using a continuous-wave, infrared diode laser at 1470 nm

Comparison of quartz and sapphire optical chambers for infrared laser sealing of vascular tissues using a reciprocating, side‐firing optical fiber: Simulations and experiments

Quartz versus sapphire optical chambers for use in infrared laser sealing of blood vessels

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