Récit d’une émigration de Fernand Dumont, Montréal, Boréal, 1997, 268 p.

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“…Prior to 1986 when France began requiring entry visas for Senegalese nationals, 50 'irregular' Senegalese migration was practically and conceptually 'non-existent'. 51 Migration out of Senegal has a long and profound history, and it is recent policies that have effectively rendered such movements, and the people who undertake them, illegal, and thus more vulnerable to exploitation.…”

“…50 In this sense, the Ghanacentric anti-trafficking narrative is well coordinated with the global anti-trafficking discourse both in terms of legislative framework and the messages they propagate. As other scholars have observed, the global anti-trafficking campaign prioritises 'melodramatics' over complex critical analyses in its advocacy, 51 in a calculated strategy intended to minimise scrutiny of its messages. The use of shock, melodrama, hyperbole, and accentuation of the most egregious cases to create an impression of 'rampant' child trafficking is detrimental to antitrafficking campaigns.…”

Historicising ‘Irregular’ Migration from Senegal to Europe

“…Prior to 1986 when France began requiring entry visas for Senegalese nationals, 50 'irregular' Senegalese migration was practically and conceptually 'non-existent'. 51 Migration out of Senegal has a long and profound 45 Ibid., p. 157.…”