Reckoning with histories of medical racism and violence in the USA

Nuriddin, Ayah; Mooney, Gavin; White, Alexandre

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32032-8

Cited by 151 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Increased stress and fear among Black and Latinx workers may also result from impacts of structural racism, including differential quality of housing, economic opportunity, and healthcare options [34] . Continued violences [35] against these communities may exacerbate community-based traumas. For Black and Latinx workers, the pandemic has posed complex personal, economic, and professional challenges, all of which may have led to amplified fear of exposure and stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and correlates of stress and burnout among U.S. healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A national cross-sectional survey study

et al. 2021

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Background: COVID-19 has put extraordinary stress on healthcare workers. Few studies have evaluated stress by worker role, or focused on experiences of women and people of color. Methods: The "Coping with COVID" survey assessed US healthcare worker stress. A stress summary score (SSS) incorporated stress, fear of exposure, anxiety/depression and workload (Omega 0.78). Differences from mean were expressed as Cohen's d Effect Sizes (ESs). Regression analyses tested associations with stress and burnout. Findings: Between May 28 and October 1, 2020, 20,947 healthcare workers responded from 42 organizations (median response rate 20%, Interquartile range 7% to 35%). Sixty one percent reported fear of exposure or transmission, 38% reported anxiety/depression, 43% suffered work overload, and 49% had burnout. Stress scores were highest among nursing assistants, medical assistants, and social workers (small to moderate ESs, p < 0.001), inpatient vs outpatient workers (small ES, p < 0.001), women vs men (small ES, p < 0.001), and in Black and Latinx workers vs Whites (small ESs, p < 0.001). Fear of exposure was prevalent among nursing assistants and Black and Latinx workers, while housekeepers and Black and Latinx workers most often experienced enhanced meaning and purpose. In multilevel models, odds of burnout were 40% lower in those feeling valued by their organizations (odds ratio 0.60, 95% CIs [0.58, 0.63], p< 0.001). Interpretation: Stress is higher among nursing assistants, medical assistants, social workers, inpatient workers, women and persons of color, is related to workload and mental health, and is lower when feeling valued.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and correlates of stress and burnout among U.S. healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A national cross-sectional survey study

et al. 2021

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“…Other institutions have broken relationships with neighboring diverse, under-resourced communities, arising from legacies of neglect or research abuses. 2 , 3 Those institutions might use this framework to first examine their research portfolio and identify opportunities for re-engagement with community leaders and dissemination of research findings to local under-resourced communities.…”

Section: “It Is Time To Be Explicit”: Practical Applications and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 1 Rather, medical research has advanced the health of some and left others behind, leaving untouched or even worsening some inequities for Black and Brown communities. 2 , 3 Calls for anti-racism and equity in research have been made in many fields including public policy, mathematics, business, law, and art. 4 – 9 These have been echoed in medical research.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Directing Research Toward Health Equity: a Health Equity Research Impact Assessment

Castillo

Harris

2021

J GEN INTERN MED

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“…[44][45] Today, these inequalities are especially evident in employment, housing, and wealth opportunities in medically underserved areas and populations (MUA/P). [46][47][48] MUA/P have been defined by the Health Resources and Services Administration as areas or populations having too few health care providers, high poverty or high elderly populations. [49] In addition, there are also social factors that have had strong implications on the health outcomes of Blacks, particularly poverty, food insecurity, and affordable housing.…”

Section: Health and Wealth Inequities In Blacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Hypertension in Blacks

Laroche¹,

Rickford²

2021

Ocular Hypertension - The Knowns and Unknowns

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Ocular hypertension occurs when intraocular pressure (IOP) is greater than the normal range with no evidence of vision loss or damage to the optic nerve. Individuals with ocular hypertension have an increased risk for glaucoma. The mean normal IOP is 15 mmHg and the mean IOP of untreated glaucoma is 18 mmHg. Elevated IOP commonly occurs in patients over the age of 50 and is often due to enlargement of the lens, narrowing of the angle, iridolenticular apposition, and pigment liberation that obstructs the trabecular meshwork. Cataract surgery and lensectomy can lower IOP and reduce the risk of glaucoma. The global wealth inequality of Blacks has created health inequities that have led to decreased access to surgical care contributing to higher rates of blindness from glaucoma. Greater education on the benefits of early cataract surgery and trabecular bypass for higher risk patients, as well as addressing wealth and health inequities, can help to bend the curve of blindness from glaucoma.

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Reckoning with histories of medical racism and violence in the USA

Cited by 151 publications

References 13 publications

Prevalence and correlates of stress and burnout among U.S. healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A national cross-sectional survey study

Prevalence and correlates of stress and burnout among U.S. healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A national cross-sectional survey study

Directing Research Toward Health Equity: a Health Equity Research Impact Assessment

Ocular Hypertension in Blacks

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