Reclaiming indigenous seascapes. Sami place names in Norwegian sea charts

Brattland, Camilla; Nilsen, Steinar

doi:10.1080/1088937x.2011.644871

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…In addition to their economic importance, these fishing grounds have meaning and cultural significance for onshore communities. Others have used similar approaches to map and interpret Sami fishing space in northern Norway (Brattland and Nilsen 2011). In all cases local economy and culture are relevant components.…”

Section: Discussion: Spatial Planning As a Constituent Of Coastal Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the wake of this work, users' knowledge (whether called local ecological knowledge or fishers' ecological knowledge) has become an accepted concept in Norwegian science and management. It is now well documented that fishers possess substantial knowledge about fish behavior such as spawning and breeding areas, fishers' behavior, and the use of sea areas by different ethnic groups (Davis and Wagner 2003, Murray et al 2006, Berkes 2008, Murray et al 2008, Brattland and Nilsen 2011. This knowledge has become an important element of Norwegian coastal planning (Johnsen et al 2014), and is a key element in identifying local stocks of the threatened coastal cod.…”

Section: Inclusion: How Coastal Space Gets Properties Through Samplinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Local empowerment through the creation of coastal space?

Johnsen¹,

Hersoug²

2014

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Developments in national fisheries and marine environmental policies during the last 30 years have changed the relationship between coastal communities and the marine resources that people in these communities traditionally harvested. In Norway, for example, when the state authorities have made decisions to defend what they regard as national interests, the local level has been left with authority over minor issues related to area planning in the coastal zone. Although coastal planning until recently was about sharing fishing areas between different users, we now see a spatial dimension emerging in planning, giving it a much broader scope. The processes of defining spatial properties and creating coastal space as a governable object have the potential to empower local communities. These processes contribute to enhanced local control and improved local participation in the governance of natural resources. In Norway, the 2008 Planning and Building Act strengthened the role of municipalities in local planning. In addition, the application of a new three-dimensional, spatial approach to coastal planning may create opportunities for new control over local resources. In marine spatial planning (MSP) the natural resources are seen as part of coastal spatial properties; thus, governing of sea space implies resource governance. As our examples illustrate, considerable power is associated with the ability to identify and define the properties of coastal space. MSP could become an important tool for controlling local resources, rebuilding collapsed fisheries, and managing them sustainably at the level of municipalities.

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Section: Discussion: Spatial Planning As a Constituent Of Coastal Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inclusion: How Coastal Space Gets Properties Through Samplinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local empowerment through the creation of coastal space?

Johnsen¹,

Hersoug²

2014

E&S

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“…In addition to their economic importance, these grounds will have meaning and cultural significance in local communities on shore. A similar approach has been used to map and interpret Sami fishing space in northern Norway (Brattland and Nilsen 2011). Thus, in both cases, fishers' use and knowledge become relevant components in the construction of coastal space.…”

Section: The Constitution Of Coastal Space Through Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The creation of coastal space – how local ecological knowledge becomes relevant

2014

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Since the 1990s, substantial efforts have been invested in Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) research, but LEK has only been applied in western fisheries and resource management to a limited extent. The attempts to link LEK to model-based fish stock assessment seem to have failed largely because the format of LEK does not fit into the models currently in use. However, LEK is still relevant for natural resource management. This article approaches LEK from a different position, not as knowledge about fish stocks but as a constituent in the creation of coastal space as a management object. Through the description of procedures and practices for collection, mapping and authorisation of LEK in Norway, the article illustrates how LEK can potentially become a central element in fisheries and coastal management by using the construction of coastal space as a core management object. As the article will show, the translation of users' experiences into formal knowledge (LEK) about specific activities in certain localities imbues the coastal space with formerly unknown properties and contributes to turning it into a more complex management object. Thus, the article illustrates that LEK becomes relevant for management when it is presented in a format that fits into the frames of reference used in coastal zone management.Keywords: Local ecological knowledge; Fishers' knowledge; Multiple objects; Coastal space Local knowledge -knowledge about what?Our story starts during the winter fishery for North East Arctic cod (Gadus morhua) a on a fishing ground outside Senja in Northern Norway in 2011 (Figure 1, Area 1), on board a 15 meter long gillnetter with two men fishing on this particular fishing ground for their first time. During participant observation, we could observe and experience how they struggled to learn how to fish in a new area. When a string of nets was hauled, as a newcomer to the ground, the skipper had to decide whether to set again in the same position or start looking for a new place to deploy the gear. Based on the size of the catch, information he had obtained from the old-timers on shore, advice from other skippers fishing in the same area and his own interpretation of the relationship between an unfamiliar bottom, unfamiliar currents and fish behaviour, this was like trial fishing, and he had to discuss with his crew before he made a final decision. The skipper had more than 30 years of fishing experience from the fishing grounds around the Lofoten Islands, where he actually knew the waters intimately (Figure 1, Area 2). In 2007 and 2009, we conducted fieldwork on board this vessel when the

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“…Moreover, all fishers mention the large amount of fishers using the same fishing grounds, the decreasing mesh sizes, and the Danish seiners' overexploitation of the Porsanger cod. Since vessels were not commonly equipped with fish-finding equipment, it seems that the use of local knowledge of fishing grounds and the traditional landmark system in Porsanger (see Brattland and Nilsen 2011) was a sufficiently efficient technology for this intensification. The seasonal pattern of the fishery as a part of the total household economies may also have resulted in an intensification of the fishers' effort during a limited period of time.…”

Section: Ecological Intensification Among Small-scale Fishersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cybernetic future for small-scale fisheries

Brattland

2014

Maritime Studies

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This article discusses the future of indigenous Sami fisheries in cybernetic fisheries systems characterized by increasing effectivization and industrialisation. It empirically investigates the past and present development of a small-scale fjord fishery in Porsanger, northern Norway, which has been a major part of the material basis for indigenous Sami culture and settlements in the area. The article utilises historical vessel registries and fishers' vessel career narratives from the post-war period to the present to analyse how relations between vessels, fishers, technology, ecology and the society at large have changed, and to what extent the small-scale fishery of the past seems to be disappearing in a fisheries system characterised by increasing cyborgization especially in the period after 1990. The main finding is an identification of diverse ways of organising the small-scale fishery in Porsanger in the past which had an influence on which types of vessels and fishers stayed put in the post-1990 period. This process was influenced not only by the introduction of the vessel quota system but also by ecological conditions and changing social and material relations in the local fisheries. In particular, the fishery with small open vessels with outboard engines experienced a golden age prior to the 1990s, but then abruptly decreased due to a combination of ecological conditions and management interventions. The fishery with decked, coastal fishing vessels however remained relatively stable throughout the period and continues to dominate the Porsanger small-scale fishery. The case study demonstrates diverse and flexible ways of organising relations in a coastal Sami community over time, thus implying that a cybernetic future may be possible also for small-scale fisheries.

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Reclaiming indigenous seascapes. Sami place names in Norwegian sea charts

Cited by 19 publications

References 4 publications

Local empowerment through the creation of coastal space?

Local empowerment through the creation of coastal space?

The creation of coastal space – how local ecological knowledge becomes relevant

A cybernetic future for small-scale fisheries

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