Quality teachers are considered to be those individuals whose pedagogy is grounded in values and beliefs that lead to caring, positive teacher-student relationships, embedded in trust and high standards of professional ethics. In a context of focused attention upon professional ethics and values education, this case study was conducted to: a) explore professional ethical dilemmas encountered by pre-service and practising teachers, b) explore pre-service teachers' perceptions of the ethics education delivered during their bachelor of education course and c) examine the ethics content of a bachelor of education degree at an Australian university.
Teacher Quality and Student AttainmentEfforts to improve student attainment have given rise to much international research since the 1960s (for example, Coleman Report (1966), Plowden Report (CACE, 1967). While earlier research tended to focus on socioeconomic and intake factors rather than the influence of school to explain student attainment, more recent studies have concentrated on the effects teaching and teacher quality upon student attainment (Carnegie Corporation, 1994;Darling-Hammond, 1996;Newmann & Associates, 1996). For Newman (1996) and Darling-Hammond (1996) student attainment is enhanced by effective teachers who are not only technically competent, with good subject and pedagogical knowledge, but also able to form positive relationships and be a positive role model for their students. These two linked but distinct strands of teacher behaviours, constituting what teachers do in the classroom, enhance student attainment and define teacher quality. These propositions were
Australian Journal of Teacher EducationVol 36, 7, July 2011 105 also endorsed in Australia. Rowe was emphatic that teacher quality is a key determinant of student outcomes:…the quality of teaching and learning provision are by far the most salient influences on students' cognitive, affective, and behavioural outcomes… 'what matters most' is quality teachers and teaching, supported by strategic teacher professional development! (Rowe, 2003, p.15) More recently, Hattie (2009) supported this view, maintaining that teacher quality is an important moderating factor responsible for the differences found in student performance within schools. Hattie (2009) analysed more than 50,000 studies and demonstrated that the differences between schools in terms of student performance were minute compared to the variances within schools, highlighting the importance of the classroom teacher. He concluded that teachers who used particular teaching strategies, such as providing challenging thinking tasks and appropriate feedback, and teachers who had high expectations of all their students and who created positive teacher-student relationships, had above average effects on student achievement and thus could more legitimately be considered quality teachers. It is no surprise then that several initiatives have been proposed to increase the quality of those entering, or in, the teaching profession. One call to 'r...