Reclassification of Clostridium proteoclasticum as Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus comb. nov., a butyrate-producing ruminal bacterium

Moon, Christina D.; Pacheco, Diana M.; Kelly, William J.; Leahy, Sinead C.; Liu, Dong; Kopečný, J.; Attwood, Graeme T.

doi:10.1099/ijs.0.65845-0

Cited by 100 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…An other 12 B clones were closely related with the genera Butyrivibrio and Pseudobutyrivibrio, both of which contain species previously shown to be involved in rumen biohydrogenation of C18 fatty acids (Paillard et al, 2007b). Among these, 2 B clones were situated on the branch involving the C18:0-producing B. proteoclasticus (Moon et al, 2008), although no C18:0 was produced (Figure 1).…”

Section: Effect Of Time (T) Y Interaction Between Fraction and Time mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…So far known, biohydrogenation is performed by bacteria belonging to the Butyrivibrio group, including the genera Butyrivibrio and Pseudobutyrivibrio (Paillard et al, 2007a). Kemp et al (1975) identified C18:0-producing bacteria as Fusocillus spp., which actually corresponds to Clostridium proteoclasticum isolated by Wallace et al (2006) and was recently reclassified as Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus (Moon et al, 2008). However, it is uncertain whether or not bacteria within the Butyrivibrio group are associated with protozoa, in particular I. prostoma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of the protozoan Isotricha prostoma, liquid-, and solid-associated bacteria in rumen biohydrogenation of linoleic acid

Boeckaert

Morgavi

Jouany

et al. 2009

Animal

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From the simultaneous accumulation of hydrogenation intermediates and the disappearance of Isotricha prostoma after algae supplementation, we suggested a role of this ciliate and/or its associated bacteria in rumen biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids. The experiments described here evaluated the role of I. prostoma and/or its associated endogenous and exogenous bacteria in rumen biohydrogenation of C18:2n-6 and its main intermediates CLA c9t11 and C18:1t11. Fractions of I. prostoma and associated bacteria, obtained by sedimentation of rumen fluid sampled from a monofaunated sheep, were used untreated, treated with antibiotics or sonicated to discriminate between the activity of I. prostoma and its associated bacteria, the protozoan or the bacteria, respectively. Incubations were performed in triplicate during 6 h with unesterified C18:2n-6, CLA c9t11 or C18:1t11 (400 mg/ml) and 0.1 g glucose/cellobiose (1/1, w/w). I. prostoma did not hydrogenate C18:2n-6 or its intermediates whereas bacteria associated with I. prostoma converted a limited amount of C18:2n-6 and CLA c9t11 to trans monoenes. C18:1t11 was not hydrogenated by either I. prostoma or its associated bacteria but was isomerized to C18:1c9. A phylogenetic analysis of clones originating from Butyrivibrio-specific PCR product was performed. This indicated that 71% of the clones from the endogenous and exogenous community clustered in close relationship with Lachnospira pectinoschiza. Additionally, the biohydrogenation activity of solid-associated bacteria (SAB) and liquid-associated bacteria (LAB) was examined and compared with the activity of the non-fractioned I. prostoma monofaunated rumen fluid (LAB 1 SAB). Both SAB and LAB were involved in rumen biohydrogenation of C18:2n-6. SAB fractions performed the full hydrogenation reaction to C18:0 while C18:1 fatty acids, predominantly C18:1t10 and C18:1t11, accumulated in the LAB fractions. SAB and LAB sequence analyses were mainly related to the genera Butyrivibrio and Pseudobutyrivibrio with 12% of the SAB clones closely related to the C18:0 producing B. proteoclasticus branch. In conclusion, this work suggests that I. prostoma and its associated bacteria play no role in C18:2n-6 biohydrogenation, while LAB convert C18:2n-6 to a wide range of C18:1 fatty acids and SAB produce C18:0, the end product of rumen lipid metabolism.

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Section: Effect Of Time (T) Y Interaction Between Fraction and Time mentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the protozoan Isotricha prostoma, liquid-, and solid-associated bacteria in rumen biohydrogenation of linoleic acid

Boeckaert

Morgavi

Jouany

et al. 2009

Animal

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“…Subsequently, a species named Clostridium proteoclasticum was identified as a stearate producer with morphological and metabolic properties that were indistinguishable from those reported for Fusocillus . Moon et al (2008) renamed C. proteoclasticum as Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus from its 16S rRNA gene sequence. For many years, the bacteria that are involved in the different steps of the biohydrogenation process were classified as group A and B (Harfoot and Hazlewood, 1997).…”

Section: Biohydrogenating Activity In the Rumenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of microbes in rumen lipolysis and biohydrogenation and their manipulation

Lourenço

Ramos-Morales

Wallace

2010

Animal

306

287

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Despite the fact that the ruminant diet is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), ruminant products -meat, milk and dairy -contain mainly saturated fatty acids (SFA) because of bacterial lipolysis and subsequent biohydrogenation of ingested PUFA in the rumen. The link between SFA consumption by man and coronary heart disease is well established. In contrast, ruminant products also contain fatty acids that are known to be beneficial to human health, namely conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs). The aims of research in this field have been to understand the microbial ecology of lipolysis and biohydrogenation and to find ways of manipulating ruminal microbes to increase the flow of PUFA and CLA from the rumen into meat and milk. This review describes our present understanding of the microbial ecology of ruminal lipid metabolism, including some apparently anomalous and paradoxical observations, and the status of how the metabolism may be manipulated and the possible consequential effects on other aspects of ruminal digestion. Intuitively, it may appear that inhibiting the ruminal lipase would cause more dietary PUFA to reach the mammary gland. However, lipolysis releases the non-esterified fatty acids that form the substrates for biohydrogenation, but which can, if they accumulate, inhibit the whole process. Thus, increasing lipase activity could be beneficial if the increased release of non-esterified PUFA inhibited the metabolism of CLA. Rumen ciliate protozoa do not carry out biohydrogenation, yet protozoal lipids are much more highly enriched in CLA than bacterial lipids. How could this happen if protozoa do not metabolise PUFA? The answer seems to lie in the ingestion of plant organelles, particularly chloroplasts, and the partial metabolism of the fatty acids by contaminating bacteria. Bacteria related to Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens are by far the most active and numerous biohydrogenating bacteria isolated from the rumen. But do we misunderstand the role of different bacterial species in biohydrogenation because there are uncultivated species that we need to understand and include in the analysis? Manipulation methods include dietary vegetable and fish oils and plant-derived chemicals. Their usefulness, efficacy and possible effects on fatty acid metabolism and on ruminal microorganisms and other areas of their metabolism are described, and areas of opportunity identified.Keywords: biohydrogenation, cellulose digestion, lipase, microbial protein synthesis, rumen ImplicationsThe conversion of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to saturated fatty acids (SFA) by ruminants has important health implications for human health. However, ruminant products are also rich in conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs), which have positive implications for human health. The transformation from PUFA to SFA (biohydrogenation), and the formation of CLA, is catalysed by the microorganisms that inhabit the rumen. Researchers are finding ways to manipulate biohydrogenation, by identifying the microorganisms responsible and by finding...

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“…Ruminal BH is carried out mostly by bacteria belonging to the Butyrivibrio genus (38). Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens has the capacity to convert LA to RA and RA to VA, while Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus (previously classified as Clostridium proteoclasticum [35]) hydrogenates VA to SA (38,39). According to Or-Rashid et al (37), ruminal protozoa also play a role in BH by converting LA to RA.…”

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confidence: 99%

Bacterial and Protozoal Communities and Fatty Acid Profile in the Rumen of Sheep Fed a Diet Containing Added Tannins

Vasta

Yáñez-Ruíz

Mele³

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

165

133

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This study evaluated the effects of tannins on ruminal biohydrogenation (BH) due to shifts in the ruminal microbial environment in sheep. Thirteen lambs (45 days of age) were assigned to two dietary treatments: seven lambs were fed a barley-based concentrate (control group) while the other six lambs received the same concentrate with supplemental quebracho tannins (9.57% of dry matter). At 122 days of age, the lambs were slaughtered, and the ruminal contents were subjected to fatty acid analysis and sampled to quantify populations of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, which converts C 18:2 c9-c12 (linoleic acid [LA]) to C 18:2 c9-t11 (rumenic acid [RA]) and then RA to C 18:1 t11 (vaccenic acid [VA]); we also sampled for Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus, which converts VA to C 18:0 (stearic acid [SA]). Tannins increased (P < 0.005) VA in the rumen compared to the tannin-free diet. The concentration of SA was not affected by tannins. The SA/VA ratio was lower (P < 0.005) for the tannin-fed lambs than for the controls, suggesting that the last step of the BH process was inhibited by tannins. The B. proteoclasticus population was lower (؊30.6%; P < 0.1), and B. fibrisolvens and protozoan populations were higher (؉107% and ؉56.1%, respectively; P < 0.05) in the rumen of lambs fed the tanninsupplemented diet than in controls. These results suggest that quebracho tannins altered BH by changing ruminal microbial populations.The fatty acid profile of the meat and milk of ruminants is strongly affected by diet (2, 15). When ingested, the dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) undergo a process known as biohydrogenation (BH) carried out by ruminal microorganisms (20). During the BH of C 18:2 (n-6) (linoleic acid [LA]) and C 18:3 (n-3) (linolenic acid [LNA]) a number of C 18:1 and C 18:2 isomers are formed (6). The last step in the BH process leads to the formation of C 18:0 (stearic acid [SA]). Among the intermediate products formed during this process, the isomer C 18:2 c9t11 (rumenic acid [RA]) is active in preventing cancer in mammals (17). Only a small amount of the RA found in meat and milk originates during BH. It is produced to a larger extent in muscle and mammary glands from the desaturation of Devillard et al. (11) have reported that protozoa do not have the capability of hydrogenating LA. The proportion of BH intermediates in the rumen can vary depending on changes in ruminal microbial populations (7, 51). Changes in ruminal fatty acid profiles are also reflected in intramuscular fatty acid composition (48,52).Tannins are phenolic compounds that are widespread in plants. When ingested by ruminants in large amounts, tannins can reduce the activity and the proliferation of ruminal microorganisms (34). Tannins from Lotus corniculatus (33) or from Acacia spp. (12) reduce the proliferation of B. proteoclasticus B316 T and B. proteoclasticus P18, respectively. Durmic et al. (12) reported that VA increased and SA decreased when extracts from Acacia iteaphylla, which contains condensed tannins (1), were incubated in vitro w...

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Reclassification of Clostridium proteoclasticum as Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus comb. nov., a butyrate-producing ruminal bacterium

Cited by 100 publications

References 21 publications

Role of the protozoan Isotricha prostoma, liquid-, and solid-associated bacteria in rumen biohydrogenation of linoleic acid

Role of the protozoan Isotricha prostoma, liquid-, and solid-associated bacteria in rumen biohydrogenation of linoleic acid

The role of microbes in rumen lipolysis and biohydrogenation and their manipulation

Bacterial and Protozoal Communities and Fatty Acid Profile in the Rumen of Sheep Fed a Diet Containing Added Tannins

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