Reclassification of Glioblastoma Multiforme According to the 2021 World Health Organization Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors: A Single Institution Report and Practical Significance

Stoyanov, George S; Lyutfi, Emran; Georgieva, Reneta; Georgiev, Radoslav; Dzhenkov, Deyan; Petkova, Lilyana; Ivanov, Borislav; Kaprelyan, Ara; Ghenev, Peter

doi:10.7759/cureus.21822

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, the changes in the survival of patients with GBM remain uncertain, because the 3-year survival rate increased from 15% to 17%, whereas the 5-year survival rate decreased from 9% to 6%. The survival of our patients was not inferior to that in other non-Chinese cohorts from developed countries, such as the United Kingdom, Japan, and the United States; moreover, patients with GBM survived even longer 36 – 39 .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

Clinical management and survival outcomes of patients with different molecular subtypes of diffuse gliomas in China (2011–2017): a multicenter retrospective study from CGGA

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

Cancer Biol Med

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Objective: We aimed to summarize the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic features of various molecular subtypes of diffuse gliomas (DGs) in the Chinese population. Methods: In total, 1,418 patients diagnosed with DG between 2011 and 2017 were classified into 5 molecular subtypes according to the 2016 WHO classification of central nervous system tumors. The IDH mutation status was determined by immunohistochemistry and/or DNA sequencing, and 1p/19q codeletion was detected with fluorescence in situ hybridization. The median clinical follow-up time was 1,076 days. T-tests and chi-square tests were used to compare clinicopathological characteristics. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression methods were used to evaluate prognostic factors. Results: Our cohort included 15.5% lower-grade gliomas, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted (LGG-IDHm-1p/19q); 18.1% lower-grade gliomas, IDH-mutant (LGG-IDHm); 13.1% lower-grade gliomas, IDH-wildtype (LGG-IDHwt); 36.1% glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype (GBM-IDHwt); and 17.2% glioblastoma, IDH-mutant (GBM-IDHm). Approximately 63.3% of the enrolled primary gliomas, and the median overall survival times for LGG-IDHm, LGG-IDHwt, GBM-IDHwt, and GBM-IDHm subtypes were 75.97, 34.47, 11.57, and 15.17 months, respectively. The 5-year survival rate of LGG-IDHm-1p/19q was 76.54%. We observed a significant association between high resection rate and favorable survival outcomes across all subtypes of primary tumors. We also observed a significant role of chemotherapy in prolonging overall survival for GBM-IDHwt and GBM-IDHm, and in prolonging post-relapse survival for the 2 recurrent GBM subtypes. Conclusions: By controlling for molecular subtypes, we found that resection rate and chemotherapy were 2 prognostic factors associated with survival outcomes in a Chinese cohort with DG.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

Clinical management and survival outcomes of patients with different molecular subtypes of diffuse gliomas in China (2011–2017): a multicenter retrospective study from CGGA

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

Cancer Biol Med

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“…However, this classic classification was purely histological and based on pathognomonic features. Therefore, the recent 2021 WHO classification for central nervous system (CNS) tumors requires the lack of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 mutations (IDH-wildtype) as well as a lack of mutation in histone 3 (H3-wildtype) for the tumor to be diagnosed as GBM [ 2 ]. This classification presents molecular criteria that can be utilized for upgrading the diagnosis of histologically lower-grade, IDH-wildtype astrocytomas to glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype (WHO grade IV) [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This classification presents molecular criteria that can be utilized for upgrading the diagnosis of histologically lower-grade, IDH-wildtype astrocytomas to glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype (WHO grade IV) [ 3 ]. These new classifications were mainly proposed to specify the prognosis of the diagnosis, because the patients with lack of these mutations have a poor overall prognosis than patients with the presence of the mutations [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Glioblastoma Multiforme: Challenges and Opportunities for Drug Delivery

Brar

Jose

et al. 2022

Pharmaceutics

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Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with high mortality rates. Due to its invasiveness, heterogeneity, and incomplete resection, the treatment is very challenging. Targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have great potential for GBM treatment, however, their efficacy is primarily limited by poor brain distribution due to the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). This review focuses on the potential of TKIs in GBM therapy and provides an insight into the reasons behind unsuccessful clinical trials of TKIs in GBM despite the success in treating other cancer types. The main section is dedicated to the use of promising drug delivery strategies for targeted delivery to brain tumors. Use of brain targeted delivery strategies can help enhance the efficacy of TKIs in GBM. Among various drug delivery approaches used to bypass or cross BBB, utilizing nanocarriers is a promising strategy to augment the pharmacokinetic properties of TKIs and overcome their limitations. This is because of their advantages such as the ability to cross BBB, chemical stabilization of drug in circulation, passive or active targeting of tumor, modulation of drug release from the carrier, and the possibility to be delivered via non-invasive intranasal route.

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“…Among brain tumors, glioblastoma (GBM) was classified as a grade IV glioma by the World Health Organization because of its malignancy. 1 This aggressive tumor sustains proliferation, immune escape, and drug resistance because GBM stem cells are multipotent, self-renewing, and apoptosis resistant. 2 , 3 Despite the availability of surgery followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy for treatment, the effectiveness of current treatments is poor, and recurrence is common.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika virus cleaves GSDMD to disseminate prognosticable and controllable oncolysis in a human glioblastoma cell model

Kao¹,

Wang²,

Shie³

et al. 2023

Molecular Therapy - Oncolytics

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Reclassification of Glioblastoma Multiforme According to the 2021 World Health Organization Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors: A Single Institution Report and Practical Significance

Cited by 25 publications

References 27 publications

Clinical management and survival outcomes of patients with different molecular subtypes of diffuse gliomas in China (2011–2017): a multicenter retrospective study from CGGA

Clinical management and survival outcomes of patients with different molecular subtypes of diffuse gliomas in China (2011–2017): a multicenter retrospective study from CGGA

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Glioblastoma Multiforme: Challenges and Opportunities for Drug Delivery

Zika virus cleaves GSDMD to disseminate prognosticable and controllable oncolysis in a human glioblastoma cell model

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