Recognising other-race faces is more effortful: The effect of individuation instructions on encoding-related ERP Dm effects

Tüttenberg, Simone C.; Wiese, Holger

doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107992

Cited by 15 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Stahl et al ( 2010 ) argue that the perceptual and memory system for other‐race faces is not sufficiently developed to benefit from deeper processing during memory encoding to successfully store these faces. Similar results have been found recently (Tüttenberg & Wiese, 2021 ) where own‐race and other‐race faces were memorized under natural (no instruction) conditions or individuation instructions that emphasized the other‐race effect and required participants to put effort into recognizing other‐race faces. The Dm during memory encoding was larger for other‐race faces in the individuating condition than in the natural condition.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Familiarity reflects the recognition of face without retrieval of additional details. Previous research has typically observed a significant Dm for recollection (contrasting subsequently ‘recollected’ and subsequently ‘familiar’ faces) but no significant Dm for familiarity (contrasting subsequently ‘familiar’ and forgotten faces); this pattern of results can also be described in terms of ERP amplitudes which differed significantly between subsequently ‘recollected’ and subsequently ‘familiar’ faces, but subsequently ‘familiar’ and forgotten faces did not show a significant difference (Herzmann et al, 2011 ; Lucas et al, 2011 ; Paller et al, 1987 ; Sommer et al, 1997 ; Tüttenberg & Wiese, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…This prediction was also based on the finding that other‐race faces have been shown to be processed less holistically in conditions where no task emphasized processing of the whole face (Rossion & Michel, 2011). In the whole‐face processing task, other‐race faces were assumed to not benefit from more elaborate processing and show similar patterns as in the single‐feature processing task because the perceptual and memory system for other‐race faces have been found to be not sufficiently developed for enriched memory encoding (Stahl et al, 2010; Tüttenberg & Wiese, 2021). This assumption reflects similarities to perceptual expertise accounts (Meissner & Brigham, 2001; Rossion & Michel, 2011) which postulate less developed perceptual learning mechanisms for other‐race faces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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More elaborate processing of own‐race faces and less elaborate processing of other‐race faces contribute to the other‐race effect in face memory

Herzmann

Ogle

Curran

2022

British J of Psychology

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Research suggests that own‐race faces are naturally memorized in a more elaborate (e.g., many features of a face or the whole face) way, whereas other‐race faces are memorized in a less elaborate (e.g., only selected features of the face) manner. Here, we tested if instructions for judgements about the whole face and a single facial feature modulated the other‐race effect in face memory. White participants performed whole‐face and single‐feature tasks while memorizing White and Black faces for later recognition. Encoding instructions had a stronger impact on own‐race than other‐race faces. Whole‐face instructions increased the other‐race effect, whereas single‐feature instructions decreased it. Own‐race faces in the whole‐face task demonstrated event‐related potential (ERP) patterns of memory encoding comparable to previously observed natural memory encoding, suggesting naturally more elaborate encoding of own‐race faces. ERPs of memory encoding for other‐race faces were similar between task conditions and comparable to previously observed natural encoding patterns, suggesting naturally less elaborate encoding. No impact of the encoding tasks was found on ERPs related to memory retrieval, which may be an artefact of a perceptual task that does not enhance semantic details in memory. The current results indicate that some contributions to the other‐race effect are more elaborate (more detailed) memory encoding for own‐race faces and less elaborate (less detailed) memory encoding for other‐race faces. This study also provides evidence for more malleability of own‐race than other‐race faces through task instructions, consistent with assumptions of perceptual learning theories of the other‐race effect.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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More elaborate processing of own‐race faces and less elaborate processing of other‐race faces contribute to the other‐race effect in face memory

Herzmann

Ogle

Curran

2022

British J of Psychology

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“…While not all attempts to individuate outgroup members have demonstrated a reduction in the ORE or differential processing of racial faces (Pica et al, 2015; Tullis et al, 2014; Wan et al, 2015) and there is little evidence for a relationship between racial attitudes and the ORE (Meissner & Brigham, 2001), these findings indicate the potential for social motivations to increase recognition accuracy. In particular, increasing motivations to know outgroup members may enhance recognition of their particular faces and may even reduce differences in facial identification of ingroup and outgroup faces (see also Rhodes et al, 2009; Tüttenberg & Wiese, 2021; Young et al, 2010; Young & Hugenberg, 2012). In the present research, we investigated manipulating perceived interpersonal similarity between the target and the perceiver as a novel way to improve facial recognition accuracy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of similarity on recognition of faces of Black and White targets

Kawakami

Vingilis-Jaremko²,

Friesen

et al. 2022

British J of Psychology

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One reason for the persistence of racial inequality may be anticipated dissimilarity with racial outgroups. In the present research, we explored the impact of perceived similarity with White and Black targets on facial identity recognition accuracy. In two studies, participants first completed an ostensible personality survey. Next, in a Learning Phase, Black and White faces were presented on one of three background colours. Participants were led to believe that these

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“…In SSP terms, when cognitive resources were scarce (high memory load), people used a low-pass filter to facilitate their work. Turning to the own-race effect, Tüttenberg and Wiese analyzed event-related brain potentials and found that the encoding of other-race faces requires additional cognitive resources in order to be processed similar to ingroup faces (Tüttenberg & Wiese, 2021).…”

Section: B the Third And Fourth Hypotheses: Passive Vs Active Filteri...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmonic Analysis of Social Cognition

Maass,

Pavon,

Suitner

2021

Preprint

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In this paper, we argue that some fundamental concepts and tools of signal processing may be effectively applied to represent and interpret social cognition processes. From this viewpoint, individuals or, more generally, social stimuli are thought of as a weighted sum of harmonics with different frequencies: Low frequencies represent general categories such as gender, ethnic group, nationality, etc., whereas high frequencies account for personal characteristics. Individuals are then seen by observers as the output of a filter that emphasizes a certain range of high or low frequencies. The selection of the filter depends on the social distance between the observing individual or group and the person being observed as well as on motivation, cognitive resources and cultural background. Enhancing low-or high-frequency harmonics is not on equal footing, the latter requiring supplementary energy. This mirrors a well-known property of signal processing filters. More generally, in the light of this correspondence, we show that several established results of social cognition admit a natural interpretation and integration in the signal processing language. While the potential of this connection between an area of social psychology and one of information engineering appears considerable (compression, information retrieval, filtering, feedback, feedforward, sampling, aliasing, etc.), in this paper we shall limit ourselves to laying down what we consider the pillars of this bridge on which future research may be founded.

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Recognising other-race faces is more effortful: The effect of individuation instructions on encoding-related ERP Dm effects

Cited by 15 publications

References 39 publications

More elaborate processing of own‐race faces and less elaborate processing of other‐race faces contribute to the other‐race effect in face memory

More elaborate processing of own‐race faces and less elaborate processing of other‐race faces contribute to the other‐race effect in face memory

Impact of similarity on recognition of faces of Black and White targets

Harmonic Analysis of Social Cognition

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