Recognition and Management of Complications During Moderate and Deep Sedation Part 1: Respiratory Considerations

Becker, Daniel E.; Haas, Daniel A.

doi:10.2344/0003-3006-58.2.82

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Bronchospasm is a lower airway obstruction due to contraction or spasm of the bronchial smooth muscle. It may be a result of an anaphylactoid reaction or a consequence of a hyper-reactive airway in asthmatic patients [30] . Management of laryngospasm and bronchospasm depends on the severity and the cause.…”

Section: Airway Obstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedation-related complications in gastrointestinal endoscopy

Amornyotin

2013

WJGE

110

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Sedation practices for gastrointestinal endoscopic (GIE) procedures vary widely in different countries depending on health system regulations and local circumstances. The goal of procedural sedation is the safe and effective control of pain and anxiety, as well as to provide an appropriate degree of memory loss or decreased awareness. Sedation-related complications in gastrointestinal endoscopy, once occurred, can lead to significant morbidity and occasional mortality in patients. The risk factors of these complications include the type, dose and mode of administration of sedative agents, as well as the patient's age and underlying medical diseases. Complications attributed to moderate and deep sedation levels are more often associated with cardiovascular and respiratory systems. However, sedation-related complications during GIE procedures are commonly transient and of a mild degree. The risk for these complications while providing any level of sedation is greatest when caring for patients already medically compromised. Significant unwanted complications can generally be prevented by careful pre-procedure assessment and preparation, appropriate monitoring and support, as well as post-procedure management. Additionally, physicians must be prepared to manage these complications. This article will review sedation-related complications during moderate and deep sedation for GIE procedures and also address their appropriate management.© 2013 Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited. All rights reserved. Key words: Sedation; Complication; Gastrointestinal; EndoscopyCore tip: Gastrointestinal endoscopic (GIE) procedures are relatively safe. However, these procedures have been shown to cause various effects on cardiorespiratory systems. Sedation-related complications while providing any level of sedation can occur. Fortunately, these complications during GIE procedures are commonly transient and of a mild degree. In addition, significant unwanted complications can generally be prevented by careful pre-procedure assessment and preparation, appropriate monitoring and support. Periodical assessment of the level of sedation and continuous monitoring of cardiovascular and respiratory systems provides timely information. Standardized discharge criteria should be used to determine the patient's readiness for discharge.Amornyotin S. Sedation-related complications in gastrointestinal endoscopy.

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Section: Airway Obstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedation-related complications in gastrointestinal endoscopy

Amornyotin

2013

WJGE

110

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“…Nasopharyngeal airway is well-tolerated in sedated individuals[13] and if the nasal cavity is well anesthetized it becomes more acceptable. We used lignocaine nebulization to anesthetize the nasal mucosa allowing use of airway in sedated child.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giant oral tumor in a child with malnutrition and sickle cell trait: Anesthetic challenges

Singh

Borle

Trikha

2013

J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol

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Pediatric oral tumors have always been challenging for the even most skilled anesthesiologists. The conventional method of awake intubation is not realistic in this age group. The management is to chart out a plan to intubate the child post induction. We describe successful management of a case of giant of ossifying fibroma in a child with sickle cell trait where non-conventional innovate approach helped us to secure the airway pre-operatively and avoid possible medical complications.

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“…Supplementary nasal oxygen at 3 litres/min in sedated patients abolishes desaturation and hypoxia. Upper airway obstruction may be attributed to anatomical structures or foreign body [18]. Independent predictors of airway modifications include male sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists class of III or higher, and increased body mass index [19].…”

Section: Airway Obstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bronchospasm is a lower airway obstruction due to contraction or spasm of the bronchial smooth muscle. It may be a result of an anaphylactoid reaction or a consequence of a hyper-reactive airway in the asthmatic patients [18]. Management of laryngospasm and bronchospasm depends on the severity and the causes of them.…”

Section: Airway Obstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiorespiratory Complications During Moderate and Deep Sedation for Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Procedures

Amornyotin¹

2013

Endoscopy of GI Tract

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Recognition and Management of Complications During Moderate and Deep Sedation Part 1: Respiratory Considerations

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

Sedation-related complications in gastrointestinal endoscopy

Sedation-related complications in gastrointestinal endoscopy

Giant oral tumor in a child with malnutrition and sickle cell trait: Anesthetic challenges

Cardiorespiratory Complications During Moderate and Deep Sedation for Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Procedures

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