Recognition and recall in short-term memory

Bernbach, Harley A.; Kupchak, Patricia G

doi:10.1016/0022-2496(72)90029-6

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It is similar to the one suggested for a different paradigm by Bernbach and Kupchak (1972), and it borrows from signal detection theory (Swets, Tanner, & Birdsall, 1961). For ease of exposition, just the case in which the subject noun phrase is the cue and the predicate is the response, the arrangement in this experiment, will be discussed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two faces of the conceptual peg hypothesis.

Anderson¹,

Goetz²,

Pichert³

et al. 1977

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory

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The present study investigated why it is that the more concrete the subject noun phrase of a sentence, the more likely the predicate is to be recalled when the subject noun phrase is the cue. The findings were that concreteness dramatically influences both the probability of recognition of the subject noun phrase and the probability of recall of the predicate, given recognition. These results were taken to mean that a concrete phrase makes a good conceptual peg because it is likely to be given a specific, stable encoding and because it tends to redintegrate the whole sentence. Regression analysis showed that the concreteness effect could not be attributed to an influence on comprehensibility. A model of sentence memory is offered which can account for the results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two faces of the conceptual peg hypothesis.

Anderson¹,

Goetz²,

Pichert³

et al. 1977

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory

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show abstract

“…Thus, the testing context was held constant across the two tests. Bernbach (1967) and Bernbach and Kupchak (1972) have emphasized the importance of maintaining similar test contexts across different test modes. Six subgroups of five Ss each comprising the control group were shown all three passages with no cues presented following the offset of each sentence.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive forgetting of sentence material

Geiselman

1974

Memory & Cognition

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This experiment investigated the positive-forgetting phenomenon with sentence material. Sets of sentences were presented to Ss with each sentence being cued "remember" or "forget" immediately following its presentation. To-be-remembered (TBR) sentences were found to be more accessible thanto-be-forgotten (TBF) sentences and uncued control sentences. Sentence connectedness was found to be an important determiner of the magnitude of the observed recall phenomenon; but differential sentence interest was not a significant factor. Using a multiple-choice recognition test, key words or phrases from the to-be-forgotten sentences were found to be equally available as key words or phrases from the to-be-remembered sentences. These results warrant an extention of Bjork's (1970, 1972) selective-rehearsal and differential-grouping interpretation of the positive-forgetting phenomenon to encompass sentence material. Some implications of the findings for single-presentation information acquisition were noted.

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“…First, it is unclear whether the mixture model can be generalized from recall to recognition, because recall and recognition may be supported by different retrieval processes (e.g., remembering vs. knowing; Mandler, 1980;Tulving, 1985; but see Haist, Shimamura, & Squire, 1992;Wixted, 2007) or representations (Smith & Nielsen, 1970). Given the wider applications of recognition than recall in the literature, partially due to the reduced task difficulty in recognition (Bernbach & Kupchak, 1972;Hollingworth, 1913) and the dependence of memory sensitivity on testing procedures (Makovski, Watson, Koutstaal, & Jiang, 2010), it is important to generalize the mixture model of memory from recall to recognition. Second, the mixture model for recall tasks requires participants to continuously estimate or reproduce a feature of the remembered stimuli, limiting this model to stimuli with reproducible features (e.g., color and orientation).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociations of the number and precision of visual short-term memory representations in change detection

Zhang

2017

Mem Cogn

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The present study dissociated the number (i.e., quantity) and precision (i.e., quality) of visual short-term memory (STM) representations in change detection using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and experimental manipulations. Across three experiments, participants performed both recognition and recall tests of visual STM using the change-detection task and the continuous color-wheel recall task, respectively. Experiment 1 demonstrated that the estimates of the number and precision of visual STM representations based on the ROC model of change-detection performance were robustly correlated with the corresponding estimates based on the mixture model of continuous-recall performance. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that the experimental manipulation of mnemonic precision using white-noise masking and the experimental manipulation of the number of encoded STM representations using consolidation masking produced selective effects on the corresponding measures of mnemonic precision and the number of encoded STM representations, respectively, in both change-detection and continuous-recall tasks. Altogether, using the individual-differences (Experiment 1) and experimental dissociation (Experiment 2 and 3) approaches, the present study demonstrated the some-or-none nature of visual STM representations across recall and recognition.

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Recognition and recall in short-term memory

Cited by 13 publications

References 6 publications

Two faces of the conceptual peg hypothesis.

Two faces of the conceptual peg hypothesis.

Positive forgetting of sentence material

Dissociations of the number and precision of visual short-term memory representations in change detection

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