Recognition-induced forgetting is caused by episodic, not semantic, memory retrieval tasks

Maxcey, Ashleigh M.; McCann, Molly; Stallkamp, Samantha

doi:10.3758/s13414-020-01987-3

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Induced forgetting is eliminated when the ability of participants to mentally time travel to reinstate internal context is bolstered by increased time and thus increased interference. The present study is critical to models of memory and forgetting that apply to all stimuli (i.e., visual and verbal) because it is only the second demonstration of a manipulation that can eliminate induced forgetting of pictures (Maxcey et al, 2020). These results suggest that internal context shifts drive induced forgetting, informing our process model proposed in the General Discussion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite empirical differences between induced forgetting and output interference, both output interference (Aue et al, 2015) and induced forgetting (Maxcey et al, 2020) result from episodic retrieval tasks and not semantic retrieval tasks, suggesting a shared underlying mechanism. If induced forgetting and output interference are cut from the same cloth, then the same model will account for both effects.…”

Section: Output Interferencementioning

confidence: 92%

“…with a semantic memory task (e.g., size judgment: "Is this object bigger than a loaf of bread? "; Maxcey et al, 2020). This means that a process model of induced forgetting must show forgetting in a task referring participants to a particular episode, and also show that forgetting does not occur in a task when participants are not referred back to a particular episode.…”

Section: Proposed Process Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Induced forgetting of pictures across shifts in context.

Maxcey¹,

León²,

Janakiefski³

et al. 2021

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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Previous research from our lab has shown that recognizing an object stored in visual long-term memory leads to the forgetting of related objects. Here we ask whether context, an integral aspect to modern models of memory, plays a role in induced forgetting. We manipulated the activated context at test, both externally (e.g., changes in testing room) and internally (e.g., 1 hr and 24 hr later). We found that only interfering with the ability to internally reinstate context after 24 hr eliminated induced forgetting. Thus, we demonstrate that mental context reinstatement plays a role in induced forgetting and specify that models of memory should incorporate internal context reinstatement as an underlying factor of forgetting. We also propose a process model of induced forgetting, discuss limitations of laboratory-based memory tasks, and offer a new term, induced suppression, to collectively describe this robust phenomenon. Public Significance StatementContext plays a substantial role in many models of recognition memory. In 1 such model, forgetting is entirely due to context. The present article sought to test the hypothesis that changes in contextual retrieval underlie forgetting in laboratory-induced forgetting of pictures of real-world objects. We manipulated both spatial and temporal context and found that forgetting survived changes in space, but not changes in time. Induced forgetting was brought back online when the practice phase, which induces forgetting, was also delayed 1 hr and 24 hr. The elimination of induced forgetting after 24 hr appears to be accounted for by models of forgetting that incorporate a role of context, and difficult to account for otherwise. We conclude by presenting a process model of recognition-induced forgetting and suggest that induced forgetting is better characterized as induced suppression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Output Interferencementioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Proposed Process Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Induced forgetting of pictures across shifts in context.

Maxcey¹,

León²,

Janakiefski³

et al. 2021

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

Self Cite

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“…Two experiments examined the relative contribution of colour and shape to object memory retrieval. As visual objects do not easily lend themselves to memory recall tasks, which are widely used with word stimuli, the current experiments utilised a recognition practice paradigm (e.g., Maxcey, 2016;Maxcey, McCann, & Stallkamp, 2020;Maxcey, Glenn, & Stansberry, 2018;Maxcey & Woodman, 2014;Reppa, Williams, Worth, Greville, & Saunders, 2017), where old-new recognition is performed during both the practice and the test phases of the retrieval practice paradigm. The overarching rationale was that if visual properties, such as shape and colour, drive object memory retrieval, then unpractised objects sharing either of those properties with the practised objects would compete during practice, would create interference, and, consequently be susceptible to RIF.…”

Section: Overview Of Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relative contribution of shape and colour to object memory

et al. 2020

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The current studies examined the relative contribution of shape and colour in object representations in memory. A great deal of evidence points to the significance of shape in object recognition, with the role of colour being instrumental under certain circumstances. A key but yet unanswered question concerns the contribution of colour relative to shape in mediating retrieval of object representations from memory. Two experiments (N=80) used a new method to probe episodic memory for objects and revealed the relative contribution of colour and shape in recognition memory. Participants viewed pictures of objects from different categories, presented one at a time. During a practice phase, participants performed yes/no recognition with some of the studied objects and their distractors. Unpractised objects shared shape only (Rp–Shape), colour only (Rp–Colour), shape and colour (Rp–Both), or neither shape nor colour (Rp–Neither), with the practised objects. Interference effects in memory between practised and unpractised items were revealed in the forgetting of related unpractised items – retrieval-induced forgetting. Retrieval-induced forgetting was consistently significant for Rp–Shape and Rp–Colour objects. These findings provide converging evidence that colour is an automatically encoded object property, and present new evidence that both shape and colour act simultaneously and effectively to drive retrieval of objects from long-term memory.

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“…Second, retrievalinduced forgetting, a seemingly closely related forgetting phenomenon, has been shown to operate over associative memories (Ciranni & Shimamura, 1999;Gómez-Ariza, Fernandez, & Bajo, 2012;Murayama, Miyatsu, Buchli, & Storm, 2014) and is generally thought to operate over episodic memory (M. C. Anderson, 2003;Levy & Anderson, 2002). Third, the potentially related cognitive phenomena of priming (Maxcey, McCann, & Stallkamp, 2019), in which exposure to an object influences later processing of that and related objects, is also not restricted to semantic associations (Ochsner, Chiu, & Schacter, 1994;Tulving & Schacter, 1990). Here we asked whether recognition-induced forgetting operates over memory representations categorized at the schematic level.…”

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confidence: 99%

Recognition-induced forgetting of schematically related pictures

2020

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Recognition-induced forgetting is the category-specific forgetting of pictures that occurs when a subset of a category of pictures is recognized, leading to forgetting of the remaining pictures. We have previously shown that recognition-induced forgetting does not operate over categories created by temporal relationships, suggesting that this effect does not operate over episodic memory representations. Here we systematically tested whether schematically related categories of pictures are immune to recognitioninduced forgetting. We found that sufficiently weak schematically related memories are vulnerable to recognition-induced forgetting. These results offer an alternative interpretation for evidence that recognition-induced forgetting does not operate over episodic memory representations. Evidence that the strength of schematic grouping modulates forgetting supports a model of recognition-induced forgetting in which the key determinant of forgetting is moderate activation. This is the first demonstration that recognition-induced forgetting operates over perceptually distinct objects, demonstrating the ubiquity of such forgetting.

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Recognition-induced forgetting is caused by episodic, not semantic, memory retrieval tasks

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Induced forgetting of pictures across shifts in context.

Induced forgetting of pictures across shifts in context.

The relative contribution of shape and colour to object memory

Recognition-induced forgetting of schematically related pictures

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