Recognition memory in movie scenes: the soundtrack induces mood-coherent bias, but not through mood induction

Ansani, Alessandro; Marini, Marco; Poggi, Isabella; Mallia, Luca

doi:10.1080/20445911.2022.2116448

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…For example, similar memory biases have been observed when music valence acts as a context for item memory. That is, when happy music is paired with positively valanced images of objects, participants are biased to respond that the positively valanced objects are 'old' compared to when the same objects are not paired with music (Ansani et al, 2022). Similarly, participants are also biased to respond 'old' to negatively valanced objects when paired with scary music.…”

Section: Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematically reducing schematic information during encoding differentially impacts true and false memory at retrieval in younger and older adults

Chamberlain¹,

Dennis²

2023

Preprint

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Schemas are abstract representations that can aid memory performance by providing a structured context in which memories can be both encoded and retrieved. However, large amounts of schematic information can hinder memory accuracy for simultaneously encoded non-schematic information. Such overreliance on schemas can induce categorical information into memory processes and increase the probability of false memories for schematic information that was never truly present. Such overreliance also leads to overall poor memory for non-schematic information. While older adults frequently exhibit mnemonic age-deficits compared to younger adults, past work suggests schemas influence older and younger adult memory performance to a similar degree, with limited benefits from directed encoding instructions designed to focus attention away from the schema in support of memory for non-schematic information. Related to this work, it remains unclear how systematically manipulating schematic information during encoding may alter subsequent true and false memory performance. To examine this, we systematically altered the ratio of schematic-to-nonschematic perceptual information, schematic density, present during encoding across four schematic conditions in a sample of younger and older adults. Overall, both younger and older adults responded more accurately to schematic compared to non-schematic information, replicating past work highlighting the influence of schemas on memory performance. Results also showed that systematically reducing schematic density improved memory discriminability. Specifically, this manipulation was met with increasing hits and decreasing false alarms for schematic items in both younger and older adults. This benefit appeared to come at a cost for older adults however, as they exhibited more false memories to the increased amount of non-schematic compared to schematic perceptual information. Taken together the results demonstrate that while schemas maintain a strong grip on memory performance, this effect can be manipulated with reduced schematic density. Such findings reveal the extent to which the pervasive influence of schemas on memory can be swayed by perceptual manipulations in healthy younger and older adults.

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Section: Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%