Recognition of human faces: Effects of target exposure time, target position, pose position, and type of photograph.

Laughery, Kenneth R.; Alexander, Judith F.; Lane, Alan B.

doi:10.1037/h0031646

Cited by 147 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This may, at first, seem contradictory to the results of Hsiao and Cottrell (2008) who indicated that only the first two fixations were required. However, there is plenty of evidence that suggests that longer exposure times lead to more fixations and greater recognition accuracy (Bruce, 1982;Ellis, 1981;Laughery, Alexander, & Lane, 1971;Shepherd, Gibling, & Ellis, 1991). This is not due to a larger number of features being sampled (Coin & Tiberghien, 1997), but rather the most diagnostic features being encoded more effectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removing the own-race bias in face recognition by attentional shift using fixation crosses to diagnostic features: An eye-tracking study

2013

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removing the own-race bias in face recognition by attentional shift using fixation crosses to diagnostic features: An eye-tracking study

2013

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“…A high degree of variability between faces within a given set is found to enhance face recognition performance (Brown & Lloyd-Jones, 2006). Longer exposure time (Laughery, Alexander & Lane, 1971), and more elaborate encoding, such as categorizing faces according to their psychological properties (e.g., how honest is the person) in contrast to their physical properties (e.g., race categorization), have resulted in greater recognition accuracy (Bower & Karlin, 1974;Winograd, 1978). Classifying faces on the basis of their psychological properties is considered to entail more elaborative processing, resulting in more accurate recognition (Winograd, 1981).…”

Section: Face Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Gender in Face Recognition

Rehnman¹

2007

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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-EnglishFaces constitute one of the most important stimuli for humans. Studies show that women recognize more faces than men, and that females are particularly able to recognize female faces, thus exhibiting an own-sex bias. In the present thesis, three empirical studies investigated the generality of sex differences in face recognition and the female own-sex bias. Study I explored men's and women's face recognition performance for Bangladeshi and Swedish female and male faces of adults and children. Result showed sex differences, favoring women, for all face categories. Study II assessed boys' and girls' ability to recognize female and male faces from two age-and ethnic groups. The result demonstrated that girls recognize more faces than boys do, but that no sex differences were present for Swedish male faces. The results from Study I and II consistently demonstrate that females show reliable own-sex biases independent of whether the female faces were young, old, or of Bangladeshi or Swedish origin. In an attempt to explain the mechanisms of sex differences in face recognition and the female own-sex bias, Study III investigated men's and women's recognition performance for androgynous faces, either labeled "men", "women", or "faces". The result showed that women told to remember "women" recognized more faces than women told to remember faces labeled "men" or "faces", and that sex differences were present for androgynous faces, regardless of the label. Based on these findings, it is suggested that females' attention is in particular directed towards other females, resulting in an own-sex bias. It is also suggested that there may be a difference in females' and males' orientation toward other individuals. This difference can have a biological base, which together with socialization may result in sex differences in face recognition.Keywords: Face recognition, Sex differences, Own-sex bias, Own-group bias, Attention, Biology, Socialization, Psychobiosocial Sammanfattning -SvenskaAnsikten utgör troligtvis de allra viktigaste objekten för människors sociala samspel. Forskning visar att kvinnor generellt kommer ihåg fler ansikten än män och att flickor och kvinnor är särskilt bra på att minnas andra kvinnors ansikten -de visar en "own-sex bias". "Own-sex bias" innebär att personer är bättre på att minnas ansikten av individer av samma kön i jämförelse med ansikten av personer av motsatt kön. Ett fåtal tidigare studier har undersökt könsskillnader i ansiktsigenkänning. I avhandlingen undersöks hur allmän-giltig könsskillnad i ansiktsigenkänning är och hur allmängiltig kvinnlig "own-sex bias" är. I Studie I studerades kvinnors och mäns förmåga att minnas bangladeshiska och svenska flick-, pojk-, kvinno-och mansansikten. Resultatet visar att kvinnor minns fler ansikten oavsett kategori. I Studie II undersöktes flickors och pojkars förmåga att minnas bangladeshiska och svenska flick-, pojk-, kvinno-och mansansikten. Resultaten i Studie II replikerar resultaten från Studie I, då flickor kände igen fler ansikten än...

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“…Zusne discovered from these patterns that the eye receives the most attention. Laughery et al [3] ascertained that users ranked facial features in the following order of importance: eyes; nose; mouth; lips=chin; hair; and finally the ears. The majority of facial perception studies support the theory that the face is the most viewed area of a head-shoulder image; furthermore, past studies have concluded that individuals are most likely to focus their attention on the areas around the eyes and the mouth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%