Recognition of Organophosphate Esters (OPEs) in the Sediment of 12 Lakes in the Taihu Lake Basin of China

Ye, Langjie; Xing, Lijuan; Li, Jianhua; Kong, Ming; Su, Guanyong

doi:10.1021/acsestwater.2c00298

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The first possibility for semi-quantification is to use the calibration curve from a chemical suggested to have similar ionisation efficiency for the quantification of the (tentatively) identified compounds [390,391]. Choosing the chemical with similar ionisation efficiency is challenging and can be addressed with different approaches.…”

Section: Surrogate Standard-based Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

NORMAN guidance on suspect and non-target screening in environmental monitoring

Hollender,

Schymanski,

Ahrens

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Eur

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Increasing production and use of chemicals and awareness of their impact on ecosystems and humans has led to large interest for broadening the knowledge on the chemical status of the environment and human health by suspect and non-target screening (NTS). To facilitate effective implementation of NTS in scientific, commercial and governmental laboratories, as well as acceptance by managers, regulators and risk assessors, more harmonisation in NTS is required. To address this, NORMAN Association members involved in NTS activities have prepared this guidance document, based on the current state of knowledge. The document is intended to provide guidance on performing high quality NTS studies and data interpretation while increasing awareness of the promise but also pitfalls and challenges associated with these techniques. Guidance is provided for all steps; from sampling and sample preparation to analysis by chromatography (liquid and gas—LC and GC) coupled via various ionisation techniques to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS), through to data evaluation and reporting in the context of NTS. Although most experience within the NORMAN network still involves water analysis of polar compounds using LC–HRMS/MS, other matrices (sediment, soil, biota, dust, air) and instrumentation (GC, ion mobility) are covered, reflecting the rapid development and extension of the field. Due to the ongoing developments, the different questions addressed with NTS and manifold techniques in use, NORMAN members feel that no standard operation process can be provided at this stage. However, appropriate analytical methods, data processing techniques and databases commonly compiled in NTS workflows are introduced, their limitations are discussed and recommendations for different cases are provided. Proper quality assurance, quantification without reference standards and reporting results with clear confidence of identification assignment complete the guidance together with a glossary of definitions. The NORMAN community greatly supports the sharing of experiences and data via open science and hopes that this guideline supports this effort.

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Section: Surrogate Standard-based Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

NORMAN guidance on suspect and non-target screening in environmental monitoring

Hollender,

Schymanski,

Ahrens

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Eur

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“…TNPP (C 45 H 69 O 4 P, m / z 705.50067, RT = 16.80 min, Figure S5) has been found in food and food-contact materials as well as in indoor air, dust, , and lake water . In this study, TNPP was mainly found in dust samples at levels of n.d.–0.43 μg/g (median: 0.01 μg/g) and only in two dormitory air samples up to 0.13 ng/m 3 (Tables S12 and S13).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…AO626=O2 (C 33 H 50 O 8 P 2 , m / z 637.30475, RT = 13.47 min, Figure S7) is known as an oxidation product of bis(2,4-di tert -butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite (AO626) . AO626=O2 has been detected in air, , dust, , soil, and lake water sediment . In this study, AO626=O2 was ubiquitously detected in the air with levels of 98.7–539 ng/m 3 (median: 281 ng/m 3 ) (Table S12), which were much higher than those reported in the atmosphere of North China (n.d.–0.74 ng/m 3 , median: 0.33 ng/m 3 ) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Among the identified, 12 NOPs including tris(2,4-di tert -butylphenyl) phosphite (AO168), ,, AO168=O, ,,, bis(2,4-di tert -butylphenyl) phosphate (B2,4DtBPP), , tris(nonyl-phenyl) phosphate (TNPP), ,, tert -butylphenyl diphenyl phosphate (tb-PDPP), ,− cresyl diphenyl phosphate (CDPP), ,, BEHPP, , bis(2,4-di tert -butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphate (AO626=O2), ,− ,, bisphenol A bis (diphenyl phosphate) (BPA-BDPP), ,, tridodecyl phosphate (TDoP), bis(octyl) (3-(3-methoxypropoxy)propyl) phosphate (BOMPPP), and bis(octyl) (3-propoxymethoxy)propyl phosphate (BOPMPP) have been previously identified and documented in diverse environmental matrices including indoor air and dust from China, Canada, Spain, and other countries. Meanwhile, diphenyl phosphinic acid (DPPA), two metabolites of AO168 (AO168_M1 and AO168_M3), and dimer-U1 are for the first time reported in an indoor environment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nontarget Identification of Novel Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Indoor Air and Dust from Multiple Microenvironments in China

Yang,

Yao,

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The indoor environment is a typical source for organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers (OPFRs), yet the source characteristics of OPFRs in different microenvironments remain less clear. This study collected 109 indoor air samples and 34 paired indoor dust samples from 4 typical microenvironments within a university in Tianjin, China, including the dormitory, office, library, and information center. 29 target OPFRs were analyzed, and novel organophosphorus compounds (NOPs) were identified by fragment-based nontarget analysis. Target OPFRs exhibited the highest air and dust concentrations of 46.2−234 ng/ m 3 and 20.4−76.0 μg/g, respectively, in the information center, where chlorinated OPFRs were dominant. Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) was the primary OPFR in office air, while tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate dominated in the dust. TPHP was predominant in the library. Triethyl phosphate (TEP) was ubiquitous in the dormitory, and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate was particularly high in the dust. 9 of 25 NOPs were identified for the first time, mainly from the information center and office, such as bis(chloropropyl) 2,3-dichloropropyl phosphate. Diphenyl phosphinic acid, two hydroxylated and methylated metabolites of tris(2,4-ditertbutylphenyl) phosphite (AO168), and a dimer phosphate were newly reported in the indoor environment. NOPs were widely associated with target OPFRs, and their human exposure risk and environmental behaviors warrant further study.

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