Recognition of the <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i> Effector AVR-Pia by the Decoy Domain of the Rice NLR Immune Receptor RGA5

Ortiz, Diana; Guillen, Karine de; Césari, Stella; Chalvon, Véronique; Gracy, Jérôme; Padilla, André; Kroj, Thomas

doi:10.1105/tpc.16.00435

Cited by 123 publications

(179 citation statements)

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“…Although a promising strategy, ID engineering is challenging. A recent study suggests that effectors recognized by NLR-IDs also associate with domains outside of the ID, which adds a new layer of structural complexity to the ID model (Ortiz et al, 2017). Therefore, modifying IDs within NLR-IDs might destabilize their structure and affect their function.…”

Section: How To Engineer Nlr-mediated Disease Resistance?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple strategies for pathogen perception by plant immune receptors

2017

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Contents Summary17I.Introduction17II.Pathogen perception by NLRs: from direct recognition to integrated decoys18III.Multiple activation and signaling pathways for NLRs18IV.How to engineer NLR‐mediated disease resistance?21V.Conclusion23Acknowledgements23References23 Summary Plants have evolved a complex immune system to protect themselves against phytopathogens. A major class of plant immune receptors called nucleotide‐binding domain and leucine‐rich repeat‐containing proteins (NLRs) is ubiquitous in plants and is widely used for crop disease protection, making these proteins critical contributors to global food security. Until recently, NLRs were thought to be conserved in their modular architecture and functional features. Investigation of their biochemical, functional and structural properties has revealed fascinating mechanisms that enable these proteins to perceive a wide range of pathogens. Here, I review recent insights demonstrating that NLRs are more mechanistically and structurally diverse than previously thought. I also discuss how these findings provide exciting future prospects to improve plant disease resistance.

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Section: How To Engineer Nlr-mediated Disease Resistance?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple strategies for pathogen perception by plant immune receptors

2017

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“…Drought and immunity pathway reduction in aquatic environments 19 Upon treatment of necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cineria there was no association between differentially expressed genes and ASTRAL candidates in a wild-type genetic background (One sided fisher-exact test, p-value = 0.076) ( Fig. 6B).…”

Section: Arabidopsis and Rice Homologs Of Genes Lost In Aquatic Plantmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A subset of NLRs have undergone functional specialisation to serve downstream of other NLRs in the signalling cascade (18)(19)(20)(21). This mechanism is referred to as an NLR sensor-helper pair, where genomically the two NLR genes are often adjacent in a head to head orientation with a shared promoter (22,23) .…”

Section: Adaptation Of Crops To New and Evolving Pathogen Threats Oftmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergent loss of an EDS1/PAD4 signalling pathway in several plant lineages predicts new components of plant immunity and drought response

Baggs

Thanki

O’Grady

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Drought and immunity pathway reduction in aquatic environments 2 AbstractThe transition of plants from sea to land sparked an arms race with pathogens. The increased susceptibility of land plants is largely thought to be due to their dependence on micro-organisms for nutrients; the ensuing co-evolution has shaped the plant immune system. By profiling the immune receptors across flowering plants, we identified species with low numbers of NLR immune receptors. Interestingly, four of these species represent distinct lineages of monocots and dicots that returned to the aquatic lifestyle. Both aquatic monocot and dicot species lost the same well-known downstream immune signalling complex (EDS1-PAD4). This observation inspired us to look for other genes with a similar loss pattern and allowed us to predict putative new components of plant immunity. Gene expression analyses confirmed that a group of these genes was differentially expressed under pathogen infection. Excitingly, another subset of these genes was differentially expressed upon drought. Collectively, our study reveals the minimal plant immune system required for life under water, and highlights additional components required for the life of land plants.Drought and immunity pathway reduction in aquatic environments 3 Author summaryPlant resistance to pathogens is commonly mediated by a complex gene family, known as NLRs. Upon pathogen infection, changes in the cellular environment trigger NLR activation and subsequent defence responses. Despite the dependence of agricultural practices on NLR genes to control pathogen load, relatively little is known about this gene family outside of model crop species. In this study, we identified a convergent reduction in the NLR gene family among two lineages of aquatic plants. Furthermore, we established that NLR reduction occurred in conjunction with the loss of a common immune signalling pathway. Subsequently, we identified other genes convergently lost in aquatic species and propose these as candidate components of the plant immune signalling pathway. In addition, we revealed components of the agronomically important drought response to be lost in aquatic plants. This study adds to our understanding of the complex interactions between environment and response to biotic stress, widely known as the disease triangle. The pathways identified in this study shed further light on the link between responses to drought and disease.Drought and immunity pathway reduction in aquatic environments

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“…Two rice CNLs, RGA4 and RGA5, function as a pair to recognize the M. oryzae effectors AVR1-CO39 and AVR-Pia (Césari et al 2013). The AVR-Pia effector directly interacts with the sensor NLR RGA5 in its RATX1 domain, resulting in the activation of the RGA4 signaling NLR (Césari et al 2014; Ortiz et al 2017). Multiple pathogen effectors target similar plant proteins and processes (Mukhtar et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing Effector-Triggered Immunity for Durable Disease Resistance

Zhang

Coaker

2017

Phytopathology®

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Genetic control of plant diseases has traditionally included the deployment of single immune receptors with nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) domain architecture. These NLRs recognize corresponding pathogen effector proteins inside plant cells, resulting in effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Although ETI triggers robust resistance, deployment of single NLRs can be rapidly overcome by pathogen populations within a single or a few growing seasons. In order to generate more durable disease resistance against devastating plant pathogens, a multi-tiered strategy that incorporates stacked NLRs combined with other sources of disease resistance is necessary. New genetic and genomic technologies have enabled advancements in identifying conserved pathogen effectors, isolating NLR repertoires from diverse plants, and editing plant genomes to enhance resistance. Significant advancements have also been made in understanding plant immune perception at the receptor level, which has promise for engineering new sources of resistance. Here, we discuss how to utilize recent scientific advancements in a multilayered strategy for developing more durable disease resistance.

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Recognition of the Magnaporthe oryzae Effector AVR-Pia by the Decoy Domain of the Rice NLR Immune Receptor RGA5

Cited by 123 publications

References 50 publications

Multiple strategies for pathogen perception by plant immune receptors

Multiple strategies for pathogen perception by plant immune receptors

Convergent loss of an EDS1/PAD4 signalling pathway in several plant lineages predicts new components of plant immunity and drought response

Harnessing Effector-Triggered Immunity for Durable Disease Resistance

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