Recognition Pattern of the Fasciola hepatica Excretome/Secretome during the Course of an Experimental Infection in Sheep by 2D Immunoproteomics

Abstract

Excretory/secretory products released by helminth parasites have been widely studied for their diagnostic utility, immunomodulatory properties, as well as for their use as vaccines. Due to their location at the host/parasite interface, the characterization of parasite secretions is important to unravel the molecular interactions governing the relationships between helminth parasites and their hosts. In this study, the excretory/secretory products from adult worms of the trematode Fasciola hepatica (FhES) were employed in a combination of two-dimensional electrophoresis, immunoblot and mass spectrometry, to analyze the immune response elicited in sheep during the course of an experimental infection. Ten different immunogenic proteins from FhES recognized by serum samples from infected sheep at 4, 8, and/or 12 weeks post-infection were identified. Among these, different isoforms of cathepsin L and B, peroxiredoxin, calmodulin, or glutathione S-transferase were recognized from the beginning to the end of the experimental infection, suggesting their potential role as immunomodulatory antigens. Furthermore, four FhES proteins (C2H2-type domain-containing protein, ferritin, superoxide dismutase, and globin-3) were identified for the first time as non-immunogenic proteins. These results may help to further understand host/parasite relationships in fasciolosis, and to identify potential diagnostic molecules and drug target candidates of F. hepatica.

Proteomic Profiling and In Silico Characterization of the Secretome of Anisakis simplex Sensu Stricto L3 Larvae

“…Similarly, calmodulin (A0A0M3KFJ2) of Anisakis secretome was predicted to interact with fish proteins. Furthermore, calmodulin it is known immunogenic protein of Fasciola hepatica secretome [109].…”

Evolutionary Adaptations of Parasitic Flatworms to Different Oxygen Tensions

“…In parasitic flatworms, the presence of various families of transporters specialized in the removal of metabolites and drugs has been reported. Although this representation is not homogeneous in flatworms, its participation in detoxification processes has been demonstrated [ 194 , 195 , 196 , 197 , 198 , 199 , 200 , 201 ]. In a previous experiment, we inhibited the TGR enzyme activity of T. crassiceps cysticerci under in vitro conditions and observed the appearance of GSSG in the culture medium, which led to the proposition that the cestode expels GSSG excess as a mechanism to avoid the change of the redox environment inside [ 165 ].…”

Fasciola hepatica Fatty Acid Binding Protein 1 Modulates T cell Polarization by Promoting Dendritic Cell Thrombospondin-1 Secretion Without Affecting Metabolic Homeostasis in Obese Mice

“…Helminth-derived molecules, especially those present in excretorysecretory products (ESP), are thought to interact with DCs, notably via both pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-dependent and independent mechanisms, and modulate DCs capacity to prime different CD4 + T cell subsets (5). Although comprehensive omics analyses have helped to identify and characterize the molecules present in the tissue extracts and ESP from various helminth species (10)(11)(12)(13), there is still a significant lack in knowledge regarding which and how specific helminth-derived molecules modulate DC-mediated immune responses.…”