Recognizing and treating a new entity on the quality-of-life front: small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

Jahraus, Christopher D.; Brandt, Sandra L.; Bettenhausen, Doug

doi:10.1016/s1548-5315(11)70044-4

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This conclusion is supported by another study, which showed a beneficial effect of rifaximin for radiation-induced GI effects. 22 The ease of rifaximin administration, along with rifaximin's long-term stability and existing FDA approval for other indications, make it a prime candidate for ongoing evaluation as a radiation countermeasure and a potential therapeutic option for radiation toxicity in human oncology patients. Further testing to support the use of rifaximin as a radiation countermeasure and to identity mechanisms associated with neutrophil perseveration is warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rifaximin diminishes neutropenia following potentially lethal whole-body radiation

Jahraus¹,

Schemera

Rynders

et al. 2010

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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Terrorist attacks involving radiological or nuclear weapons are a substantial geopolitical concern, given that large populations could be exposed to potentially lethal doses of radiation. Because of this, evaluating potential countermeasures against radiation-induced mortality is critical. Gut microflora are the most common source of systemic infection following exposure to lethal doses of whole-body radiation, suggesting that prophylactic antibiotic therapy may reduce mortality after radiation exposure. The chemical stability, easy administration and favorable tolerability profile of the non-systemic antibiotic, rifaximin, make it an ideal potential candidate for use as a countermeasure. This study evaluated the use of rifaximin as a countermeasure against low-to-intermediate-dose whole-body radiation in rodents. Female Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were irradiated with 550 cGy to the whole body and were evaluated for 30 d. Animals received methylcellulose, neomycin (179 mg/kg/d) or variably dosed rifaximin (150-2000 mg/kg/d) one hour after irradiation and daily throughout the study period. Clinical assessments (e.g. body weight) were made daily. On postirradiation day 30, blood samples were collected and a complete blood cell count was performed. Animals receiving high doses of rifaximin (i.e. 1000 or 2000 mg/kg/d) had a greater increase in weight from the day of irradiation to postirradiation day 30 compared with animals that received placebo or neomycin. For animals with an increase in average body weight from irradiation day within 80-110% of the group average, methylcellulose rendered an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of 211, neomycin rendered an ANC of 334, rifaximin 300 mg/kg/d rendered an ANC of 582 and rifaximin 1000 mg/kg/d rendered an ANC of 854 (P = 0.05 for group comparison). Exposure to rifaximin after near-lethal whole-body radiation resulted in diminished levels of neutropenia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rifaximin diminishes neutropenia following potentially lethal whole-body radiation

Jahraus¹,

Schemera

Rynders

et al. 2010

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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“…Although detailed and informative, QUANTEC data cannot be relied upon in patients with atypical risks like IBD, emphasising the need for additional studies potentially creating a “QUANTEC‐IBD” model 4 . Ironically, treatments for IBD and related gastrointestinal maladies may reduce abdominopelvic radiation toxicity, and this presents additional data‐correlation opportunities 6‐8 …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial: “Please Sir, I want some more” data to guide delivery of abdominopelvic radiotherapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Jahraus¹

2021

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

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Recognizing and treating a new entity on the quality-of-life front: small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

Cited by 2 publications

References 21 publications

Rifaximin diminishes neutropenia following potentially lethal whole-body radiation

Rifaximin diminishes neutropenia following potentially lethal whole-body radiation

Editorial: “Please Sir, I want some more” data to guide delivery of abdominopelvic radiotherapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

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