Recollection and familiarity through the looking glass: When old does not mirror new.

Joordens, Steve; Hockley, William E.

doi:10.1037/0278-7393.26.6.1534

Cited by 125 publications

(225 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(168 reference statements)

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“…In the present experiments, we provided evidence consistent with this hypothesis in terms of the characteristics of the old-similar ROC curves. The analysis of the characteristics of these curves indicated greater ability to recollect low-frequency items than high-frequency items, precisely the result predicted by dual-process explanations of the word-frequency effect (Joordens & Hockley, 2000;Reder et al, 2000). Further, these dual-process models propose that familiarity differences lead to the false-alarm portion of the word-frequency effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…On the basis of these data, theories of recognition memory must explain why discrimination between studied and unstudied items was better for low-than for high-frequency items regardless of whether the discrimination was relatively easy (old-new recognition) or difficult (old-similar recognition). Taking into account the characteristics of old-new and old-similar discrimination, as well as the manner in which such discrimination performance varied as a function of word frequency, these data favor a dual-process interpretation (e.g., Joordens & Hockley, 2000;Mandler, 1980;Reder et al, 2000;Yonelinas, 1994). Predicted receiver operating characteristic (ROC; left column) z-transformed ROC (z-ROC; right column) curves for single-process models (top row), high threshold models (second row), dual-process models (third row), and dual threshold models (bottom row).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent logical extensions of the dual-process model of recognition memory have proposed that the mirror effect in recognition memory can be understood in terms of the effects of recollection on hits and the effects of familiarity on false alarms (Joordens & Hockley, 2000;Reder et al, 2000). Thus, these extensions of dual-process theory propose that accurate recognition is significantly affected by the influences of recollection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The underlying assumption in most dual-process theories is that two memory processes with qualitatively different characteristics contribute to recognition memory performance (Atkinson & Juola, 1974;Jacoby, 1991;Joordens & Hockley, 2000;Mandler, 1980;Reder et al, 2000). "Familiarity" is often characterized as a process based on a continuous measure of memory strength, in which some items and item classes are more familiar than others.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these two experiments, we test the explanation of recent dual-process models of the wordfrequency effect in recognition memory (Joordens & Hockley, 2000;Reder et al, 2000). In the first experiment, we evaluate these dual-process models by using the paradigm of Rotello et al (2000) and manipulating word frequency.…”

Section: The Present Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Word frequency and receiver operating characteristic curves in recognition memory: Evidence for a dual-process interpretation.

Arndt¹,

Reder²

2002

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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Dual-process models of the word-frequency mirror effect posit that low-frequency words are recollected more often than high-frequency words, producing the hit rate differences in the wordfrequency effect, whereas high-frequency words are more familiar, producing the false-alarm-rate differences. In this pair of experiments, the authors demonstrate that the analysis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves provides critical information in support of this interpretation. Specifically, when participants were required to discriminate between studied nouns and their plurality reversed complements, the ROC curve was accurately described by a threshold model that is consistent with recollection-based recognition. Further, the plurality discrimination ROC curves showed characteristics consistent with the interpretation that participants recollected low-frequency items more than high-frequency items.One of the most replicable empirical results in the recognition memory literature is the wordfrequency effect. The word-frequency effect is the finding that low-frequency words show superior recognition relative to high-frequency words, both in terms of a higher hit rate and a lower false-alarm rate (Glanzer & Bowles, 1976;Gorman, 1961). Such a pattern of results (i.e., that higher hit-rates are often accompanied by lower false-alarm rates) has been dubbed the mirror effect by Glanzer and colleagues (Glanzer & Adams, 1985;Glanzer, Adams, Iverson, & Kim, 1993). Although the mirror effect is more general than manipulations of word frequency (e.g., encoding manipulations such as increased study time also produce mirror effects; Hirshman, 1995;Ratcliff, Clark, & Shiffrin, 1990;Stretch & Wixted, 1998), accounting for the word-frequency mirror effect has proven especially difficult for many theories of recognition memory. In particular, the word-frequency mirror effect has been difficult for global matching models (Gillund & Shiffrin, 1984;Hintzman, 1988;Murdock, 1982) to explain. The reason for this is simple: Models that assume that a single strength dimension underlies recognition memory must explain why low-frequency words show lower levels of memory strength than high-frequency words when they are unstudied but higher levels of memory strength when they are studied.In light of the difficulty that strength-based single-process models have faced in explaining the mirror effect in general, and the word frequency effect in particular, new theories have been proposed that account for mirror effects, including the word-frequency effect. Some of these theories maintain the assumption that a single process underlies recognition memory

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Present Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Word frequency and receiver operating characteristic curves in recognition memory: Evidence for a dual-process interpretation.

Arndt¹,

Reder²

2002

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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Episodic Memory

Diana

Wang

2018

Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience

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Episodic memory is the cognitive and neural system for long‐term encoding, storage, and retrieval of event representations, which include spatiotemporal context information. Initial encoding into episodic memory relies on the hippocampus and is improved by elaborative processing. Representations in storage are subject to interference, particularly prior to their transformation from hippocampal representations into cortical representations through consolidation. Event representations can be retrieved from unconscious storage, verbalized, and maintained in working memory while in use. Retrieval is accomplished via pattern completion so that the presence of cues matching an encoding event can drive retrieval of associated information. Episodic memory can be measured via recall and recognition paradigms, both of which gauge whether an event or item occurred within a particular context. Episodic memory is necessary for future simulation and autobiographical memory but separate from semantic memory and procedural memory.

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Computational models can distinguish the contribution from different mechanisms to familiarity recognition

Read,

Delhaye,

Sougné

2023

Hippocampus

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Familiarity is the strange feeling of knowing that something has already been seen in our past. Over the past decades, several attempts have been made to model familiarity using artificial neural networks. Recently, two learning algorithms successfully reproduced the functioning of the perirhinal cortex, a key structure involved during familiarity: Hebbian and anti‐Hebbian learning. However, performance of these learning rules is very different from one to another thus raising the question of their complementarity. In this work, we designed two distinct computational models that combined Deep Learning and a Hebbian learning rule to reproduce familiarity on natural images, the Hebbian model and the anti‐Hebbian model, respectively. We compared the performance of both models during different simulations to highlight the inner functioning of both learning rules. We showed that the anti‐Hebbian model fits human behavioral data whereas the Hebbian model fails to fit the data under large training set sizes. Besides, we observed that only our Hebbian model is highly sensitive to homogeneity between images. Taken together, we interpreted these results considering the distinction between absolute and relative familiarity. With our framework, we proposed a novel way to distinguish the contribution of these familiarity mechanisms to the overall feeling of familiarity. By viewing them as complementary, our two models allow us to make new testable predictions that could be of interest to shed light on the familiarity phenomenon.

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Recollection and familiarity through the looking glass: When old does not mirror new.

Cited by 125 publications

References 76 publications

Word frequency and receiver operating characteristic curves in recognition memory: Evidence for a dual-process interpretation.

Word frequency and receiver operating characteristic curves in recognition memory: Evidence for a dual-process interpretation.

Episodic Memory

Computational models can distinguish the contribution from different mechanisms to familiarity recognition

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