Recollection of “true” feedback is better than “false” feedback independently of a priori beliefs: an investigation from the perspective of dual-recollection theory

Niedziałkowska, Daria; Nieznański, Marek

doi:10.1080/09658211.2021.1973037

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Hence, the present results do not address whether prior knowledge and statement plausibility affect truth tagging. As yet, studies on this matter have revealed mixed results (Niedziałkowska & Nieznański, 2021;Vorms et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remembering the truth or falsity of advertising claims: A preregistered model-based test of three competing theoretical accounts

Nadarevic,

Bell

2024

Psychon Bull Rev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Given the large amount of information that people process daily, it is important to understand memory for the truth and falsity of information. The most prominent theoretical models in this regard are the Cartesian model and the Spinozan model. The former assumes that both “true” and “false” tags may be added to the memory representation of encoded information; the latter assumes that only falsity is tagged. In the present work, we contrasted these two models with an expectation-violation model hypothesizing that truth or falsity tags are assigned when expectations about truth or falsity must be revised in light of new information. An interesting implication of the expectation-violation model is that a context with predominantly false information leads to the tagging of truth whereas a context with predominantly true information leads to the tagging of falsity. To test the three theoretical models against each other, veracity expectations were manipulated between participants by varying the base rates of allegedly true and false advertising claims. Memory for the veracity of these claims was assessed using a model-based analysis. To increase methodological rigor and transparency in the specification of the measurement model, we preregistered, a priori, the details of the model-based analysis test. Despite a large sample size (N = 208), memory for truth and falsity did not differ, regardless of the base rates of true and false claims. The results thus support the Cartesian model and provide evidence against the Spinozan model and the expectation-violation model.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remembering the truth or falsity of advertising claims: A preregistered model-based test of three competing theoretical accounts

Nadarevic,

Bell

2024

Psychon Bull Rev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Experiment 2 aimed at opposing two accounts of the truth effect with clickbait statements that critically diverge regarding the role of memory for statements' format in the exposure phase. Yet, we did not estimate memory processes (which, under specific conditions, is possible to achieve in truth judgment tasks; see, e.g., Begg et al, 1992;Nadarevic & Erdfelder, 2019;Niedziałkowska & Niezna nski, 2021;Unkelbach & Stahl, 2009). As noted in the Discussion of Experiment 2, we used experimental settings typically conducive to high levels of conscious memory (recollection) because we reasoned this would allow a comparison of the source memory account with the implausibility account.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

You won't believe it! Truth judgments for clickbait headlines benefit (but less so) from prior exposure

Béna,

Rouard,

Corneille

2023

Applied Cognitive Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In two high‐powered experiments, we investigated how prior exposure to statements presented in a clickbait format increases the perceived truth of their content. In Experiment 1 (N = 241), we hypothesized and found that prior exposure increased the proportion of “true” judgments for both non‐clickbait and clickbait content, but with a reduced effect of prior exposure for statements originally presented in a clickbait format. In Experiment 2 (N = 291), turning to continuous ratings, we found higher truth ratings for repeated than new clickbait statements, even when repetition evidently originated from prior exposure to clickbait statements. The present findings suggest that exposure to clickbait headlines can increase their content's truth judgments despite their overall lack of credibility, although to a lesser extent than for more regular statements. The present research additionally supports an implausibility account rather than a source memory account of the truth effect with clickbait statements.

show abstract

“…The bivariate concept of recollection allows for the investigation of how different variables affect these separate processes and, therefore, how effective the retrieval of different types of realistic information is under specific conditions. As previous studies have suggested, using the DRT approach to the study of memory functioning in the general population can highlight differences depending on, for example, verbal vs. non-verbal stimuli, the level of processing ( Nieznański, 2020 ) or other variables (e.g., Niedziałkowska and Nieznański, 2021 ). The use of the DRT model allows the parameters to be estimated for both recollection types using either the multinomial processing tree model or the signal detection model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Context and target recollection for words and pictures in young adults with developmental dyslexia

Obidziński

Nieznański

2022

Front. Psychol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionThe specificity of memory functioning in developmental dyslexia is well known and intensively studied. However, most research has been devoted to working memory, and many uncertain issues about episodic memory remain practically unexplored. Moreover, most studies have investigated memory in children and adolescents—much less research has been conducted on adults. The presented study explored the specificity of context and target memory functioning for verbal and nonverbal stimuli in young adults with developmental dyslexia.MethodsThe dual recollection theory, which distinguishes context recollection, target recollection, and familiarity as the processes underlying memory performance in the conjoint recognition paradigm, was adopted as the theoretical basis for the analysis of memory processes. The employed measurement model, a multinomial processing tree model, allowed us to assess the individual contributions of the basic memory processes to memory task performance.ResultsThe research sample consisted of 82 young adults (41 with diagnosed dyslexia). The results showed significant differences in both verbal and nonverbal memory and context and target recollection between the dyslexic and the typically developing groups. These differences are not global; they only involve specific memory processes.DiscussionIn line with previous studies using multinomial modeling, this shows that memory functioning in dyslexia cannot be characterized as a simple impairment but is a much more complex phenomenon that includes compensatory mechanisms. Implications of the findings and possible limitations are discussed, pointing to the need for further investigation of the relationship between context memory functioning and developmental dyslexia, taking into account the type of material being processed.

show abstract

Recollection of “true” feedback is better than “false” feedback independently of a priori beliefs: an investigation from the perspective of dual-recollection theory

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Remembering the truth or falsity of advertising claims: A preregistered model-based test of three competing theoretical accounts

Remembering the truth or falsity of advertising claims: A preregistered model-based test of three competing theoretical accounts

You won't believe it! Truth judgments for clickbait headlines benefit (but less so) from prior exposure

Context and target recollection for words and pictures in young adults with developmental dyslexia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About