Recombinant Antigen Targets for Serodiagnosis of African Swine Fever

Gallardo, Carmina; Reis, Ana Luísa; Kalema‐Zikusoka, Gladys; Malta, Joana; Soler, Alejandro; Blanco, Esther; Parkhouse, R. M. E.; Leitão, Alexandre

doi:10.1128/cvi.00408-08

Cited by 69 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Specifically, the OIE‐ELISA gave a higher number of false positive results when haemolytic samples were analysed ( P < 0.001), revealing a problem of specificity in this test when wild boar hemolysate sera‐ such as the ones in the present study‐ are analysed. These results confirm previous findings that the OIE‐ELISA lacks specificity and sensitivity when applied to poorly preserved samples (Gallardo et al., 2006; Perez‐Filgueira et al., 2006; Gallardo et al., 2009) and supports the OIE recommendation of routinely confirming diagnostic results using the IB test (OIE, 2008). These results also highlight the importance of proper sample collection and preservation to ensure correct diagnosis, which is sometimes difficult when working with wildlife (Boadella et al., 2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Monitoring of African Swine Fever in the Wild Boar Population of the Most Recent Endemic Area of Spain

Mur

Boadella

Martínez‐López

et al. 2012

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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Wild boars are natural hosts for African swine fever (ASF). The ASF virus (ASFV) can persist for long periods in the environment, such as in ticks and contaminated products, which may be sources of infection for wild boar populations. African swine fever was eradicated in domestic pig populations in Spain in 1995, after 35 years of significant effort. To determine whether ASFV can persist in wild boar hosts after it has been eradicated from domestic pigs and to study the role of wild boar in helping ASFV persist in the environment, we checked for the presence of ASFV in wild boars in Doñana National Park, one of the largest natural habitats of wild boar in Spain and one of the last areas where ASF was endemic prior its eradication. Samples from 158 animals collected between 2006 and 2010 were analysed using serological and nucleic acid-based diagnostic techniques recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). None of the samples was found to be positive. These results confirm the absence of disease in wildlife in what was once one of the areas most affected by ASF in Spain, and they suggest that wild boars play a limited role in ASFV persistence. These results confirm that ASFV cannot persist in isolated wild boar populations for long periods of time without the interaction of other factors such as re-infection by contact with domestic pigs or by feeding on contaminated swill.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Monitoring of African Swine Fever in the Wild Boar Population of the Most Recent Endemic Area of Spain

Mur

Boadella

Martínez‐López

et al. 2012

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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“…No anti-ASF antibodies were detected in the domestic pig serum samples tested using OIE-serological prescribed methods. This result supports previous studies documenting a low incidence of detectable serological responses to ASFV (Perez-Filgueira et al, 2006;Gallardo et al, 2009b). The data obtained from warthog serum samples in the same region of Kenya do not support the explanation that failure to detect antibodies is due to antigenic polymorphism, since all were positive, using the same serological techniques.…”

supporting

confidence: 77%

African swine fever viruses with two different genotypes, both of which occur in domestic pigs, are associated with ticks and adult warthogs, respectively, at a single geographical site

Gallardo

Okoth

Pelayo

et al. 2010

Journal of General Virology

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The role of the ancestral sylvatic cycle of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) is not well understood in the endemic areas of eastern Africa. We therefore analysed the ASF infection status on samples collected from 51 free-ranging warthogs (Phacocherus africanus) and 1576 Ornithodorus porcinus ticks from 26 independent warthog burrows at a single ranch in Kenya. Abattoir samples from 83 domestic pigs without clinical symptoms, originating from specific locations with no recent reported ASF outbreaks were included in this study. All samples were derived from areas of central Kenya, where ASF outbreaks have been reported in the past. Infection with ASFV was confirmed in 22 % of O. porcinus pools, 3.22 % of adult warthog serum samples and 49 % of domestic pig serum samples by using p72-based PCR. All of the warthog sera were positive for anti-ASFV antibodies, investigated by using ELISA, but none of the domestic pig sera were positive. Twenty O. porcinus-, 12 domestic pig-and three warthogderived viruses were genotyped at four polymorphic loci. The ASFV isolates from ticks and domestic pigs clustered within p72 genotype X. By contrast, ASF viruses genotyped directly from warthog sera, at same locality as the tick isolates, were within p72 genotype IX and genetically similar to viruses causing recent ASF outbreaks in Kenya and Uganda. This represents the first report of the co-existence of different ASFV genotypes in warthog burrow-associated ticks and adult wild warthogs. The data from this and earlier studies suggest transfer of viruses of at least two different p72 genotypes, from wild to domestic pigs in East Africa.

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“…Moreover, similar findings in eastern Africa have documented a low incidence of detectable serological responses to ASFV infection using the OIE-approved assays in ASFV-positive swine (18,19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

False positive results using PCR detection method for African swinefever virus in wild boars from northern Romanian hunting zones

Petrovan¹,

Buburuzan²,

Zăuleţ³

2015

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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African swine fever virus (ASFV) is an acute virus with a tropism for the pig macrophage and the ability to persist. In the absence of a vaccine, a good understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of the disease is fundamental to implement effective control measures. The recent occurrence and spread of ASFV in East Europe is perceived as a serious risk for the pig industry in the European Union. The aim of this study was to evaluate the classic detection method using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total number of 107 wild boar blood, tissues, and organs samples were collected from hunting areas of Romania's northern counties, from which 24 samples were positive by conventional PCR using the OIE manual for ASFV diagnostics. The positive samples were analyzed by sequencing techniques and the results were negative. Furthermore, we obtained only sequences that corresponded with a predicted uncharacterized mRNA from the Sus scrofa genome, leading to false positive results. Due to these results, an improvement in the detection method should be made, diagnostics should be based on multiple molecular tests, and a continuous monitoring plan for Romania should be applied to avoid the appearance of outbreaks.

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Recombinant Antigen Targets for Serodiagnosis of African Swine Fever

Cited by 69 publications

References 19 publications

Monitoring of African Swine Fever in the Wild Boar Population of the Most Recent Endemic Area of Spain

Monitoring of African Swine Fever in the Wild Boar Population of the Most Recent Endemic Area of Spain

African swine fever viruses with two different genotypes, both of which occur in domestic pigs, are associated with ticks and adult warthogs, respectively, at a single geographical site

False positive results using PCR detection method for African swinefever virus in wild boars from northern Romanian hunting zones

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