Recombinant DNA Hepatitis B Vaccination in Teenagers: Effect of a Booster at 51/2 Years

Milne, A; Waldon, John

doi:10.1093/infdis/166.4.942

Cited by 26 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Postvaccination titers of 10 mIU/ml or greater correlate with the induction of the T helper cell responses that mediate the memory of B cells. Thus, when the vaccinee is exposed to hepatitis B virus, there is an anamnestic response that prevents disease, and often infection as well (23,30,48,64,108,178,185,187). In a study of children vaccinated 5 to 7 years previously, 46% had antibody titers below 10 mIU/ml.…”

Section: Hepatitis Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of Protection Induced by Vaccination

Plotkin

2010

Clin Vaccine Immunol

1,477

1,158

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This paper attempts to summarize current knowledge about immune responses to vaccines that correlate with protection. Although the immune system is redundant, almost all current vaccines work through antibodies in serum or on mucosa that block infection or bacteremia/viremia and thus provide a correlate of protection. The functional characteristics of antibodies, as well as quantity, are important. Antibody may be highly correlated with protection or synergistic with other functions. Immune memory is a critical correlate: effector memory for short-incubation diseases and central memory for long-incubation diseases. Cellular immunity acts to kill or suppress intracellular pathogens and may also synergize with antibody. For some vaccines, we have no true correlates, but only useful surrogates, for an unknown protective response.

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Section: Hepatitis Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of Protection Induced by Vaccination

Plotkin

2010

Clin Vaccine Immunol

1,477

1,158

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“…The proposed mechanism for continued protection against clinically significant HBV infection, despite declining antibody titers, is an anamnestic immune response after HBV exposure (156). The phenomenon of immunologic memory has been demonstrated by the presence of a rapid increase in anti-HBs titers following a booster dose of vaccine in persons given a primary vaccination series several years earlier (18,30,65,119,120). Booster-dose studies of adults have demonstrated that Ͼ90% of vaccinees have such immune memory when challenged with hepatitis B vaccine; they also suggest that the immune system would be able to respond rapidly to HBV exposure.…”

Section: Long-term Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection

1999

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SUMMARY Acute and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of liver disease worldwide. It is estimated that approximately 350 million people worldwide have chronic HBV infection and that 1 million persons die each year from HBV-related chronic liver disease. In the past decade, significant progress in the understanding of the molecular virology and pathogenesis of HBV infection has been made. In addition, effective treatment modalities have been developed for persons with chronic infection. Worldwide, prevention of HBV transmission has become a high priority. In 1992, the Global Advisory Group to the World Health Organization recommended that all countries integrate hepatitis B vaccine into national immunization programs by 1997. Currently, 80 countries have done so and several others are planning to. Many countries have reported dramatic reductions in the prevalence of chronic HBV infection among children born since the hepatitis B vaccine was introduced into infant immunization schedules. Recent reports from Taiwan indicate a reduction in the incidence of liver cancer among children as a result of widespread hepatitis B vaccination programs.

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“…Thus, it is perhaps not reasonable, for example, to expect improvements in absolute antibody levels to translate into improved rates of seroprotection. Similarly, the optimal timing of antibody outcomes is influenced by whether the focus is on a primary or secondary immune response (a primary response is slower than a secondary response) (Briem & Safary, 1994;Horowitz, Ershler, McKinney, & Battiola, 1988;Milne & Waldon, 1992;Van Damme et al, 1994); and whether the focus is on the peak antibody response or long-term persistence in immunity (again the former would be measured earlier than the latter). The choice of primary outcome may also be influenced by the nature of the vaccine itself (Siegrist, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of non-pharmacological interventions as vaccine adjuvants in humans: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Vedhara

Royal

Sunger

et al. 2020

Health Psychology Review

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Introduction: Psychological and behavioural factors influence the effectiveness of vaccines. This has led to interest in the potential for non-pharmacological treatments, which modify these factors, to enhance vaccine effectiveness. We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) to examine the effects of non-pharmacological adjuvants on vaccine effectiveness, as measured by antibody responses to vaccination. Areas covered: Electronic databases (EMBASE, Medline, PsychINFO, CINAHL) were searched from inception to 6 th February 2018. This yielded 100 eligible papers, reporting 106 trials: 79 interventions associated with diet and/or nutrition; 12 physical activity interventions and 9 psychological interventions. We observed that over half (58/106, 55%) of the trials reported evidence of non-pharmacological interventions enhancing the antibody response to vaccination across one or more outcomes. The NMA considered the evidence for the comparative effects between all intervention types, control and placebo for antibody titres (48 studies), seroconversion (25 studies) and seroprotection (23 studies) separately. The NMA provided only weak evidence in support of nutritional formulae and probiotics in increasing antibody titres. Expert opinion: This review offers a comprehensive summary of the available literature on nonpharmacological interventions as vaccine adjuvants. The evidence is characterised by considerable heterogeneity but provides early evidence of nutritional formulae and probiotic interventions being associated with enhanced antibody responses to vaccination. The absence of evidence for other treatments may be the consequence of limited and unreliable evidence on these treatments. Large, well-designed studies which include consistent core outcomes and measures of intervention adherence and fidelity are required.

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Recombinant DNA Hepatitis B Vaccination in Teenagers: Effect of a Booster at 51/2 Years

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Correlates of Protection Induced by Vaccination

Correlates of Protection Induced by Vaccination

Update on Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Effects of non-pharmacological interventions as vaccine adjuvants in humans: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

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