“…Online learning was the only way to continue TLA (Feldman, 2020;Valler & Bruce, 2020), enhance preparedness through integration of digital technologies as standard practice (Knoetze & Toit, 2022;Wolhuter & Jacobs, 2021), transform infrastructure and develop technological tools for T, L & A (Kativhu, 2021;Mdiniso et al, 2022), increased reliance on stable internet access (Makhoba & Reddy, 2022), prioritize technology-related professional development (Shaik, 2022;Naidoo et al, 2022), enhance digital capital for lecturers and students (Bekker, & Carrim, 2021;Oluwatimilehin, 2021), redesign curriculum for the delivery of both theoretical and practical components online (Molato & Sehularo, 2022), and more time spent on LMS for TLA (Gamede, Ajani & Afolabi, 2022;Joseph et al, 2022).…”