Recommendations to design environmental monitoring in the European bullhead, Cottus sp., based on reproductive cycle and immunomarker measurement

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of caging constraints on multiple fish biomarkers used during ecotoxicological studies (biometric data, immune and antioxidant systems, and energetic status). Two of these constraints were linked to caging: starvation and fish density in cages, and one in relation to the post-caging handling: a short transport. Three in situ experiments were conducted with three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). The first experiment compared the effects of three densities (low, medium, and high). The second experiment compared effects of starvation in fish fed every two days with fish that were not fed. Finally comparisons between sticklebacks which have suffered a short car transport after caging and sticklebacks killed without preliminary transport were made. The lack of food had no effect on fish energetic reserves but negatively affected their condition index and their immune system. Transport and high density induced oxidative stress, defined as an overproduction of reactive oxygen species and a stimulation of the antioxidant system. These two constraints also harmed the leucocyte viability. In order not to have any impact on ecotoxicity biomarkers during in situ experiments, it is preferable to decrease fish density in cages, prevent transport before dissections, and feed fish when the caging lasts more than two weeks.

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In situ experiments to assess effects of constraints linked to caging on ecotoxicity biomarkers of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.)

Guernic

Sanchez

Palluel

et al. 2015

Fish Physiol Biochem

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Application in a biomonitoring context of three-spined stickleback immunomarker reference ranges

Marchand

Tebby

Catteau

et al. 2021

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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Recommendations to design environmental monitoring in the European bullhead, Cottus sp., based on reproductive cycle and immunomarker measurement

Cited by 2 publications

References 37 publications

In situ experiments to assess effects of constraints linked to caging on ecotoxicity biomarkers of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.)

In situ experiments to assess effects of constraints linked to caging on ecotoxicity biomarkers of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.)

Application in a biomonitoring context of three-spined stickleback immunomarker reference ranges

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