Recommendations to mitigate against human health risks incurred due to energetic particle irradiation beyond low earth orbit/BLEO

McKenna‐Lawlor, S.; Bhardwaj, Anil; Ferrari, Franco; Кузнецов, Н. В.; Lal, A.K.; Li, Yinghui; Nagamatsu, Aiko; Ныммик, Р. А.; Panasyuk, Michael; Petrov, V. M.; Reitz, Günther; Pinsky, L.; Shukor, Muszaphar; Singhvi, A. K.; Straube, U.; Tomi, Leena; Townsend, Lawrence

doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2014.11.009

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Of course, the above dose estimates could be strongly affected by the presence of large SEP events. The latter are usually rare but remain, thus far, impossible to predict, McKenna-Lawlor et al (2015). The total equivalent dose estimated by the authors of Hassler et al (2014) for a cruise to Mars and back of duration 180×2=360 days was 662±108 mSv .…”

Section: Doses and Particle Composition Of The Ionizing Radiation In ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The risks posed by energetic particle radiation to human crews implementing exploration missions in Low Earth Orbit /LEO and Beyond Low Earth Orbit/ BLEO are of a serious nature. For this reason, both the short term and long-term effects of irradiation in space should be taken into account when establishing safe career dose limits for astronauts, see McKenna-Lawlor et al (2015) and Walsh et al (2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In McKenna-Lawlor et al (2015) it was pointed out that an important step toward the mitigation of human health risks in BLEO would be to gain a better understanding of, those flare related, ‘hard’ Solar Energetic Particle /SEP) events which can significantly increase the severity of the doses incurred by astronauts. The latter hazard could be ameliorated were it to become possible to predict the occurrences of these events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Newly developing methodologies to investigate health hazards posed by ionizing radiation to human space missions

Ferrari

Szuszkiewicz

2022

Preprint

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Ionizing radiation is one of the main threats to human space exploration beyond low Earth orbit (BLEO). It is thus of primary importance to determine safe career dose limits for astronauts involved in BLEO missions. In this work the average equivalent doses received by a hypothetical human crew are established using the data of several robotic missions to the Moon and to Mars. The probabilities of the occurrence of deterministic effects due to radiation that could impair the success of a mission or lower the life expectancy of astronauts are evaluated using statistical methods. The limits of the obtained results concerning deterministic and stochastic effects basing on statistical methods are discussed. The conclusion is that new strategies are necessary in order to predict the insurgence of stochastic effects. We argue that the use of the so-called 3D models or organoids could be a good candidate of such a strategy that will be complementary to in vitro 2D models and animal models. Organoids are in fact able to recapitulate several relevant features of the real human organs and their in vivo surroundings. Yet, the main problem of detecting the onset of cancer in the human body remains outstanding. To this purpose, we propose here to combine organoid techniques with those of precision oncology and molecular medicine. Exactly these disciplines have greatly contributed in the recent time to the understanding of the patterns of cancer formation in several cases of tumors. Precision oncology and molecular medicine provide powerful markers to track down the events leading to tumorigenesis following exposure to radiation in organoids.

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Section: Doses and Particle Composition Of The Ionizing Radiation In ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Newly developing methodologies to investigate health hazards posed by ionizing radiation to human space missions

Ferrari

Szuszkiewicz

2022

Preprint

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“…Solar energetic particle events are also of great relevance for space weather because they can cause large radiation increases in interplanetary space and over the polar regions of the Earth, potentially harmful for human crews in space and for space-based technology (e.g. Chenette et al 1994;Mewaldt 2006;Vainio et al 2009;Jiggens et al 2014;McKenna-Lawlor et al 2015). Solar energetic particle events are often classified into two categories, impulsive and gradual (Cane et al 1986;Reames 1999), which show different observational characteristics related to different acceleration sites.…”

Section: Science Objectives Of the Energetic Particle Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

The Energetic Particle Detector

Rodrı́guez-Pacheco

Wimmer‐Schweingruber

Mason

et al. 2020

A&A

136

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After decades of observations of solar energetic particles (SEP) from space-based observatories, relevant questions on particle injection, transport, and acceleration remain open. To address these scientific topics, accurate measurements of the particle properties in the inner heliosphere are needed. In this paper we describe the Energetic Particle Detector (EPD), an instrument suite that is part of the scientific payload aboard the Solar Orbiter mission. Solar Orbiter will approach the Sun as close as 0.28 au and will provide extra-ecliptic measurements beyond ∼ 30 • heliographic latitude during the later stages of the mission. The EPD will measure electrons, protons, and heavy ions with high temporal resolution over a wide energy range, from suprathermal energies up to several hundreds of megaelectronvolts/nucleons. For this purpose, EPD is composed of four units: the SupraThermal Electrons and Protons (STEP), the Electron Proton Telescope (EPT), the Suprathermal Ion Spectrograph (SIS), and the High-Energy Telescope (HET) plus the Instrument Control Unit (ICU) that serves as power and data interface with the spacecraft. The low-energy population of electrons and ions will be covered by STEP and EPT, while the high-energy range will be measured by HET. Elemental and isotopic ion composition measurements will be performed by SIS and HET, allowing full particle identification from a few kiloelectronvolts up to several hundreds of megaelectronvolts/nucleons. Angular information will be provided by the separate look directions from different sensor heads, on the ecliptic plane along the Parker spiral magnetic field both forward and backwards, and out of the ecliptic plane observing both northern and southern hemispheres. The unparalleled observations of EPD will provide key insights into long-open and crucial questions about the processes that govern energetic particles in the inner heliosphere.

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“…The physical stressors category collects all those elements inherent to a spaceflight environment that create either physical or psychic strain (e.g., noise, radiation, microgravity, and so forth). Physiological stressors reflect the impact of physical stressors on SFP bodies (e.g., the absence of time parameters, space adaptation sickness; Assad & de Weck, 2015;Kluge et al, 2013;McKenna-Lawlor et al, 2015). Instead, whereas psychological stressors mainly affect the individual consciousness of each astronaut (e.g., isolation, monotony, confinement, high levels of mission complexity, high-risk conditions), psychosocial stressors influence astronauts' and SFPs' ability to function effectively as a team.…”

Section: Sources Of Spaceflight-induced Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coping in the final frontier: An intervention to reduce spaceflight-induced stress

Monzani¹,

Kożusznik²,

Ripoll³

et al. 2019

Psychologica

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A navegação consulta e descarregamento dos títulos inseridos nas Bibliotecas Digitais UC Digitalis, UC Pombalina e UC Impactum, pressupõem a aceitação plena e sem reservas dos Termos e Condições de Uso destas Bibliotecas Digitais, disponíveis em https://digitalis.uc.pt/pt-pt/termos. Conforme exposto nos referidos Termos e Condições de Uso, o descarregamento de títulos de acesso restrito requer uma licença válida de autorização devendo o utilizador aceder ao(s) documento(s) a partir de um endereço de IP da instituição detentora da supramencionada licença. Ao utilizador é apenas permitido o descarregamento para uso pessoal, pelo que o emprego do(s) título(s) descarregado(s) para outro fim, designadamente comercial, carece de autorização do respetivo autor ou editor da obra. Na medida em que todas as obras da UC Digitalis se encontram protegidas pelo Código do Direito de Autor e Direitos Conexos e demais legislação aplicável, toda a cópia, parcial ou total, deste documento, nos casos em que é legalmente admitida, deverá conter ou fazer-se acompanhar por este aviso.Coping in the final frontier: an intervention to reduce spaceflight-induced stress Autor(es): AbstractResearch in human spaceflight has extensively documented how microgravity environments, such as spaceflight across Low Earth Orbit (LEO), affects astronauts' and Spaceflight Participants' emotions. However, a more refined understanding of this topic will become especially relevant as national and international space agencies increase the duration of manned space missions, and as the private sector fully enters the aerospace arena. In this paper, we analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the four main types of interventions for dealing with the stressors associated with human spaceflight (i.e., ergonomic, physiological, psychological, and psychosocial), and then elaborate on a psychosocial intervention 1 The authors would like to thank Prof. Dr. E. Messerschmid and his team at the Institut für Raumfahrtsysteme (Stuttgart University), for the opportunity to take part in 2008's Space Station Design Workshop (SSDW), held at ESA ESTEC. Discussions with Dr. Messerschmid and Massimo Bandecci (ESA CDF) sparked the idea for the present paper. We would also like to thank Dr. Marisha McAuliffe (Queensland University of Technology) and Bart Van Hove for their insightful comments on earlier version of this paper.grounded on evidence-based interventions across several fields of psychological research. Among the components of such interventions, we recommend adopting advanced stress coping strategies, developing emotional and intercultural competencies and crafting a shared social identity among crew members. Our proposed intervention aims to enhance the efficacy of social support as a key coping mechanism and applies to crewmembers and spaceflight participants of diverse cultural backgrounds who, most likely, will work using computer-mediated communication (CMC).

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Recommendations to mitigate against human health risks incurred due to energetic particle irradiation beyond low earth orbit/BLEO

Cited by 21 publications

References 39 publications

Newly developing methodologies to investigate health hazards posed by ionizing radiation to human space missions

Newly developing methodologies to investigate health hazards posed by ionizing radiation to human space missions

The Energetic Particle Detector

Coping in the final frontier: An intervention to reduce spaceflight-induced stress

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