Recommended practice for reporting experimental data produced from studies on corrosion of steel in cementitious systems

Isgor, O. Burkan; Angst, Ueli; Halmen, Ceki; Hansson, C.M.; Pacheco, José; Tepke, David G; Trejo, David; Vaddey, Pavan

doi:10.21809/rilemtechlett.2019.90

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…It should be noted that with a defined target crack width, loading condition type and mix proportion, only one beam was studied although there were three rebars were involved in one beam. Replicated specimens under the same condition need to be further studied to verify the tendencies found in this study, as suggested in [33] for the recommended practice when reporting corrosion experimental data.…”

Section: Influence Of Fibresmentioning

confidence: 94%

Correlation between concrete cracks and corrosion characteristics of steel reinforcement in pre-cracked plain and fibre-reinforced concrete beams

et al. 2020

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This paper presents results on corrosion characteristics of 66 rebars extracted from un-and precracked plain concrete and fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC) beams suffering from corrosion for more than 3 years. The influences of fibre reinforcement, flexural cracks, corrosion-induced cracks and loading condition on the maximum local corrosion level (defined as the maximum cross-sectional area loss percentage) and pit morphology were examined. With 3D-scanning, the corrosion characteristics were analysed, and pit types were classified based on the maximum local corrosion level and geometric parameters of pits. Corrosion pits were observed near some flexural cracks, while the bars at other cracks were free from corrosion. Most rebars in FRC had less maximum local corrosion level than those in plain concrete under the same loading condition and maximum flexural crack width. However, the maximum local corrosion level was not dependent on the maximum flexural crack width (0.1 and 0.4 mm). Longitudinal cracks (corrosion-induced cracks) aggravated the total steel loss and changed the pit morphology by promoting the pit length development. However, longitudinal cracks did not always form, even with severe pitting corrosion. A hypothesis about the time-dependent interplay between transverse and longitudinal cracks and corrosion development was proposed. Further studies on predicting the pitting corrosion evolution and experimental work on specimens exposed for longer periods are needed to understand and quantify the long-term durability of concrete structures reinforced with both conventional reinforcing bars and fibres.

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Section: Influence Of Fibresmentioning

confidence: 94%

Correlation between concrete cracks and corrosion characteristics of steel reinforcement in pre-cracked plain and fibre-reinforced concrete beams

et al. 2020

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“…Providing a description of the electrode configuration is important as all three electrodes can influence the measurement [360,361]. Hence, data on the type and position of the RE, the material and the geometry of the CE, and the use of surface electrodes with a specific electrolytic contact or embedded electrodes should be provided in all studies [362]. The linear polarization resistance (LPR) technique consists of applying a small potential sweep on the rebar around its open circuit potential (generally OCP±10-20 mV, either in the anodic or in the cathodic direction) and recording the resulting current (Fig.…”

Section: Measurement In Three-electrode Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforced concrete structures: A review of corrosion mechanisms and advances in electrical methods for corrosion monitoring

Rodrigues

Gaboreau

Gance

et al. 2021

Construction and Building Materials

207

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Steel corrosion is the main cause of deterioration of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. We provide an up-to-date review on corrosion mechanisms and recent advances in electrical methods for corrosion monitoring. When assessing corrosion mechanism, the inherent heterogeneity of RC structures and the significant effect of environmental factors remain major issues in data interpretations. The steel surface condition and local inhomogeneities at the steel-concrete interface appear to have an important effect on corrosion initiation. Considering uniform corrosion in atmospherically exposed reinforced concrete, the two main influencing factors of the corrosion process are the water content and the pore structure at the steel-concrete interface. However, irrespective of the depassivation mechanism, i.e. carbonation or chloride-induced corrosion, nonuniform corrosion is expected to be the main process for RC structures due to local variations in environmental exposure or the presence of interconnected rebars with different properties. Future studies may then be focused on their effect on macrocell corrosion to gain further insights in the corrosion mechanisms of RC structures. Concerning corrosion monitoring using electrical methods, the half-cell potential technique with potential mapping is accurate for locating areas with a high corrosion risk. Recent developments in the measurement of concrete resistivity have shown that the use of electrical resistivity tomography allows to consider appropriately the inherent heterogeneity of concrete and provides more insights on transport phenomena (e.g. water and salts ingress) in the material. Nevertheless, during the corrosion propagation stage, the polarization resistance remains the most important parameter to be determined as it provides quantitative information of the corrosion rate. If conventional three-electrode configuration methods can supply an accurate determination in the case of uniform corrosion, they often fail in the case of macrocell corrosion in field experiments. Recent advances have shown that a four-electrode configuration without any connection to the rebar can rather be used for the non-destructive testing and evaluation of corrosion. If studies are still required to quantify the corrosion rate, this method appears sensitive to localized corrosion and thus more suitable to field investigations. Finally, the coupling of numerical simulations with complementary electrical and other non-destructive testing methods is essential for consolidating the results to provide a better diagnosis of the service life of RC structures.

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“…Specifically, there exists large scatter in the summarized critical Cl − contents of steel corrosion in cement-based materials due to the differences in experimental design such as composition of mixture, steel condition, inhomogeneity of mortar or concrete samples and corrosion detection methods. A recent research released by Isgor et al [67] highlighted the importance of the standardized method to investigate steel corrosion in cement-based materials. The multi-element sensor provides the possibility of monitoring corrosion parameters of steel and Cl f content in concrete pore solution by which critical Cl f content related to the occurrence of steel corrosion in concrete could be directly determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a Multi-Element Sensor to Non-Destructively Monitor Several Fundamental Parameters Related to Concrete Durability

Jin

Zeng

et al. 2020

Sensors

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A design scheme of multi-element sensor which included electrical resistivity probes, multiple Cl− selective electrodes, and a steel corrosion monitoring system was proposed in this work. Embedding this multi-element sensor in concrete enables the real-time and non-destructive monitoring of internal electrical resistivity, free Cl− (Clf) contents in the concrete pore solution at different depths, and steel corrosion parameters. Based on the monitoring data obtained by the multi-element sensor, the freezing-thawing (F-T) damage degree, the Clf diffusion coefficient, the quantitative relation between F-T damage degree and Clf diffusion coefficient, the initiation period of steel corrosion, and the critical content related to steel corrosion are determined. To conclude, the multi-element sensor provides key durability parameters for the establishment of the Clf diffusion model, the assessment of health condition, and the prediction of service life of concrete under the coexistence of the F-T cycle and Cl−.

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Recommended practice for reporting experimental data produced from studies on corrosion of steel in cementitious systems

Cited by 19 publications

References 70 publications

Correlation between concrete cracks and corrosion characteristics of steel reinforcement in pre-cracked plain and fibre-reinforced concrete beams

Correlation between concrete cracks and corrosion characteristics of steel reinforcement in pre-cracked plain and fibre-reinforced concrete beams

Reinforced concrete structures: A review of corrosion mechanisms and advances in electrical methods for corrosion monitoring

Developing a Multi-Element Sensor to Non-Destructively Monitor Several Fundamental Parameters Related to Concrete Durability

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