Recommended Reference Materials for Realization of Physicochemical Properties

doi:10.1351/pac197645010001

Cited by 39 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For liquid iodine, C P ,m,liq = 80.669 J K –1 mol –1 and may be considered constant over the temperature range considered. , The heat capacity of solid iodine, however, increases linearly with temperature, i.e., C P ,m,solid = 0.1545 T + 5.0904 . The heat of fusion of iodine at the melting point is 15,517 J mol –1 .…”

Section: Application To Mercury Diiodine and Ammoniasupporting

confidence: 63%

“…From the integration of eq , the familiar result Δμ 1 = ∫ V m d P is obtained. To perform these calculations, the student will need P vap and V m , which are, respectively, 2.6133 × 10 –6 bar and 1.4821 × 10 –5 m 3 mol –1 , calculated from the atomic mass of Hg (0.20058 kg mol –1 ) and its liquid density (1.3534 × 10 4 kg m –3 ) at 298.15 K.…”

Section: Application To Mercury Diiodine and Ammoniamentioning

confidence: 87%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Constructing the Phase Diagram of a Single-Component System Using Fundamental Principles of Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics: A Spreadsheet-Based Learning Experience for Students

Halpern

Marzzacco

2018

J. Chem. Educ.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A spreadsheet project that enables students to construct chemical potential vs temperature plots, μ(T), of liquid and gaseous mercury and all three phases of diiodine and ammonia is presented. Statistical thermodynamics is used to determine the entropies of the substances in the gas phase. For the solid and liquid phases, students start with published heat capacities, third law entropies, and other thermodynamic quantities to obtain entropies over the range of temperatures needed. By using thermodynamic cycles, they calculate the chemical potentials of the metastable phases at standard conditions. With these values as starting points, students use the Gibbs equation and stepwise integration to obtain the chemical potentials over a range of temperatures. Using this data, they calculate the melting and boiling points and transition enthalpies and entropies from the intersection points of the two phases. The calculated thermochemical quantities are in excellent agreement with literature values.

show abstract

Section: Application To Mercury Diiodine and Ammoniasupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Application To Mercury Diiodine and Ammoniamentioning

confidence: 87%

Constructing the Phase Diagram of a Single-Component System Using Fundamental Principles of Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics: A Spreadsheet-Based Learning Experience for Students

Halpern

Marzzacco

2018

J. Chem. Educ.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The uncertainty in the temperature gradient ( k) is estimated at 3.32 × 10 −6 • C s −1 and is based on an uncertainty analysis of the average slope of the dynamic temperature sensors around the mercury reservoir, see section 4.1. [10]. The uncertainty in the reference density ( ρ ref ) is 2.0 × 10 −5 g mm −3 , see [10].…”

Section: 12mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…where V (T ) is the volume as a function of the temperature T (in • C), m is the mass of the mercury (constant) and ρ is the density. The density of mercury for a given temperature is given by [10]…”

Section: Basic Theoretical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realizing primary reference values in the nanoflow regime, a proof of principle

Beek¹,

Lucas²

2010

Meas. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this paper a proof of principle is demonstrated for a primary standard/nanoflow generator developed at the VSL (Van Swinden Laboratorium, The Netherlands). The ultimate goal of the research carried out at the VSL is to develop primary standards for liquid volume flows down to a few nanoliters per minute on the basis of sound traceability and low uncertainty. The nanoflow generator discussed in this paper is a first step in that direction and can generate flows in suction and discharge mode. The uncertainty of the generated flow is approximately 0.1% (2 s) relative at best. The flow generating process is based on the control of thermodynamic expansion of a driver liquid mass, whereas traceability is based upon volume transfer and conservation of mass (dynamic displacement principle).

show abstract

“…In recent work, Tanaka [10] reviewed four sets of determinations of the density of water published between 1990 and 2000 by different authors, including Patterson and Morris. These results were all derived using carefully prepared V-SMOW (Standard mean ocean water) water under the conditions recommended by IUPAC [11] and using modern measurement techniques. This formulation is the currently recommended formula to describe the density of pure water by CIPM across the range of applicability; 0 °C-40 °C and at 101 325 Pa.…”

Section: Tanakamentioning

confidence: 99%

The selection of water property formulae for volume and flow calibration and measurement

Batista

Paton²

2018

Metrologia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

When employing gravimetric or volumetric methods for calibrating volumetric measures, proving tanks, pipe provers and flowmeters, water is often used as the calibration medium. Knowledge of the density of water is required along with other properties such as compressibility, viscosity and speed of sound. In the scientific literature, different formulae are proposed to express these properties of water. This is particularly noticeable for formulae for the density of water where different formulae have been taken into International Standards from ISO, OIML, API and the EI. The difference in formulae does not generally give rise to significant differences in density however even small inconsistencies may cause problems for trade when differences in the value of a product occur. It has also been evident that some formulae are being specified and used outside their range of applicability. In this paper, some of the most commonly referenced expressions have been summarised and compared. As initially the referenced formulae are all for pure water, the paper recognises that impure water, from potable drinking water through to brine may be used. Formulae to express the properties of saline water have therefore also been identified. The aim of the paper is to provide a set of practical formulae which can be used to reduce differences in measurement, ensure low uncertainties for measurement, and provide a reference source to identify un-attributed formulae where they occur. Practical formulae have been proposed and will apply equally to measurement at the highest levels of volume determinations through to industrial and scientific volume and flow measurement applications using water across a temperature range 0 °C-90 °C and salinity 0 to 120 g kg −1 .

show abstract

Recommended Reference Materials for Realization of Physicochemical Properties

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 39 publications

References 19 publications

Constructing the Phase Diagram of a Single-Component System Using Fundamental Principles of Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics: A Spreadsheet-Based Learning Experience for Students

Constructing the Phase Diagram of a Single-Component System Using Fundamental Principles of Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics: A Spreadsheet-Based Learning Experience for Students

Realizing primary reference values in the nanoflow regime, a proof of principle

The selection of water property formulae for volume and flow calibration and measurement

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About