Recompositions des agricultures familiales au Maghreb : une analyse comparative dans trois situations d'irrigation avec les eaux souterraines

Dugué, Patrick; Lejars, Caroline; Ameur, Fatah; Amichi, Farida; Braiki, Houssem; Burte, Julien; Errahj, Mostafa; Hamamouche, Meriem Farah; Kuper, Marcel

doi:10.3917/rtm.220.0101

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Au long de cette trajectoire professionnelle, il accumulerait savoir-faire, capital d'exploitation, capital financier et capital social. De telles trajectoires sont mentionnées dans divers contextes d'agriculture familiale, du Mexique (Colin, 2003) au Maghreb (cas du Saïss au Maroc, de Biskra en Algérie et de la plaine de Kairouan en Tunisie (Dugué et al, 2014) ou au Sénégal (Robertson, 1987), pour ne mentionner que ces cas). Wehrwein (1958) souligne les déficiences de certaines études traitant de l'agricultural ladder, en particulier une insuffisante prise en compte du contexte agro-écologique, technique, économique et humain, et donc une faiblesse dans l'analyse de cause à effet de l'agricultural ladder ; une désagrégation insuffisante de la trajectoire en différents « échelons » ; une restitu-tion de « l'échelle » sans spécification chronologique, comme la durée de présence à chaque échelon.…”

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Professional trajectories of youth in Saharan neo-agriculture (Biskra, Algeria) reexamined with the agricultural ladder theory

Ouendeno¹,

Daoudi²,

Colin

2015

Cahiers Agricultures

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Professional trajectories of youth in Saharan neo-agriculture (Biskra, Algeria) reexamined with the agricultural ladder theory

Ouendeno¹,

Daoudi²,

Colin

2015

Cahiers Agricultures

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“…The expansion of individual boreholes and the agricultural boom resulted from a combination of (1) the availability of land and water resources combined with a favorable climate for high value crops, especially early vegetables, (2) public policies that initiated and enabled the development of these economies directly through land reforms and subsidies for agricultural development or irrigation Doukkali and Lejars 2015;Daoudi and Lejars 2016), (3) a considerable domestic market for fruit and vegetables, and (4) farming systems that are mostly based on the pooling of productive resources through sharecropping arrangements, thereby enabling different actors to find solutions for limiting factors such as lack of capital, labor and access to land and water (Amichi et al 2015;Ameur et al 2015). This increase in the irrigated production of vegetables attracted new actors including farming investors and young farmers, and generated new activities and new jobs (Dugué et al 2014). At the same time, in each area, groundwater pumping increased and accelerated water table declines (Leduc et al 2017).…”

Section: Study Areas and Methodology Analytical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, there are very few local initiatives to protect the aquifers, and states have remained Btolerant^because the agricultural boom promotes economic growth (Petit et al 2017). At the farm level, many investors jumped at the economic opportunities created by the boom in groundwater development by buying land and investing in agriculture (Dugué et al 2014). Downstream from these farms, a network of wholesalers, retailers, and brokers emerged to handle the irrigated products, especially in the horticultural sector (Lejars and Courilleau 2015;Derderi et al 2015;Ouendeno et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The key role of supply chain actors in groundwater irrigation development in North Africa

Lejars

Daoudi

Amichi³

2017

Hydrogeol J

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The role played by supply chain actors in the rapid development of groundwater-based irrigated agriculture is analyzed. Agricultural groundwater use has increased tremendously in the past 50 years, leading to the decline of water tables. Groundwater use has enabled intensification of existing farming systems and ensured economic growth. This “groundwater economy” has been growing rapidly due to the initiative of farmers and the involvement of a wide range of supply chain actors, including suppliers of equipment, inputs retailers, and distributors of irrigated agricultural products. In North Africa, the actors in irrigated production chains often operate at the margin of public policies and are usually described as “informal”, “unstructured”, and as participating in “groundwater anarchy”. This paper underlines the crucial role of supply chain actors in the development of groundwater irrigation, a role largely ignored by public policies and rarely studied. The analysis is based on three case studies in Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria, and focuses on the horticultural sub-sector, in particular on onions and tomatoes, which are irrigated high value crops. The study demonstrates that although supply chain actors are catalyzers of the expansion of groundwater irrigation, they could also become actors in adaptation to the declining water tables. Through their informal activities, they help reduce market risks, facilitate credit and access to subsidies, and disseminate innovation. The interest associated with making these actors visible to agricultural institutions is discussed, along with methods of getting them involved in the management of the resource on which they depend. (Résumé d'auteur

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“…Les réformes agraires, en Algérie et au Maroc, prévoient ainsi que la transmission des droits fonciers octroyés par l'État ne bénéficie qu'à un seul successeur, afin d'éviter le morcellement. Malgré cela, plusieurs travaux récents font état de l'échec des dispositifs administratifs visant à éviter le morcellement (Dugué et al, 2014 ;Imache et al, 2010). Ils montrent l'existence de très forts processus d'individualisation foncière, aussi bien sur les terres privées que sur les terres collectives ou étatiques.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Le rôle du faire-valoir indirect dans le renouvellement générationnel des agriculteurs irrigants en Tunisie

et al. 2016

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Résumé -L'accès des jeunes agriculteurs aux ressources foncières est peu pris en compte dans les débats sur la durabilité des agricultures dans les pays du Sud. Les dispositifs de transfert foncier vers cette catégorie sociale, importante sur le plan démographique, restent rares et peu opérants. Nous montrons ici, à travers l'étude de trois situations irriguées en Tunisie, que des transferts de terres vers les jeunes existent mais qu'ils s'effectuent souvent de manière informelle, et plus à travers différentes formes de faire-valoir indirect (FVI) qu'à travers un transfert de propriété. Nous analysons le rôle joué par le FVI dans la flexibilité des systèmes fonciers locaux et nous discutons le caractère durable des dynamiques qui en découlent. Nous discutons enfin le défi majeur que représente pour les décideurs politiques en Tunisie et au Maghreb l'inscription de cette agriculture informelle dans une perspective durable. Approfondir les connaissances sur le rôle joué par le FVI dans la flexibilité des systèmes fonciers et agraires locaux peut fournir des pistes de réflexion pour mieux valoriser des ressources en terre et en eau très disputées en Tunisie, et ailleurs au Maghreb.Mots clés : faire-valoir indirect / renouvellement générationnel / jeunes ruraux / agriculture irriguée / Tunisie Abstract -The role of indirect farming in the generational renewal of farmers in irrigated agriculture in Tunisia. Access to land for the young generation of farmers is hardly taken into account in the debates concerning agriculture sustainability in Southern countries. In these countries, where the population is often very young, procedures for transfer of agricultural assets are frequently absent and generally ineffective when they exist. We show in this article, through the study of three irrigated situations in Tunisia, that measures to transfer lands to a young generation of farmers operate informally through indirect farming. We analyze the role of indirect farming in creating flexibility in local land use systems and discuss the sustainability of the resulting dynamics. We finally discuss the major challenge for policy makers in Tunisia and North Africa to include informal agriculture in policy making to provide more sustainable perspectives. Better knowledge about the role of indirect farming in providing flexibility to local land use and agrarian systems can provide ideas for a better use of land and water resources, which are contested in Tunisia and elsewhere in North Africa.

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Recompositions des agricultures familiales au Maghreb : une analyse comparative dans trois situations d'irrigation avec les eaux souterraines

Cited by 20 publications

References 3 publications

Professional trajectories of youth in Saharan neo-agriculture (Biskra, Algeria) reexamined with the agricultural ladder theory

Professional trajectories of youth in Saharan neo-agriculture (Biskra, Algeria) reexamined with the agricultural ladder theory

The key role of supply chain actors in groundwater irrigation development in North Africa

Le rôle du faire-valoir indirect dans le renouvellement générationnel des agriculteurs irrigants en Tunisie

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