Reconciling climate action with the need for biodiversity protection, restoration and rehabilitation

Global Review on Environmental Impacts of Onshore Wind Energy and Their Implications for Forest Ecosystems

“…Although RE impact broadly positive on biodiversity through climate change mitigation and the reduction of air pollution, the large-scale deployment of RE can have some biodiversity tradeoffs (green-green-dilemma) [55,56]. The impacts of WFs on biodiversity and wildlife species comprise habitat loss [55,61,75], habitat degradation [59,75], habitat fragmentation [61,64], vegetation disturbance [61], a potential suppression of ecosystem functions [137], and alterations of species behavior [75]. RE facilities increasingly overlap with conservation areas in more biodiverse regions such as Southeast Asia or Central America, which could substantially intensify impacts on the biotic environment [113,121].…”

“…Proposed measure Studies Biodiversity in general -Coordinated, rationalized and integrative policy, planning and siting strategy at national and international level [40,55,56,59,110,113] -Strong scientific evidence base [55,56] -Onsite management practices: rehabilitation or creation of habitats [61,141] -Reduction of energy consumption and increase of energy efficiency [110] Vegetation -Narrower area for maintenance and operation -Reconfiguration of operating activities [144] Wildlife species -Effective, site-specific measures [110] 3.4. Impacts on Bird and Bats (C)…”

“…Birds and bats are identified as the main wildlife groups affected by WTs [29,80] and suffer disproportionately from WTs [61]. The impacts include direct mortality related to species' activity, habitat alterations and loss, behavioral impacts, and vague and cumulative impacts (Figure 4) [15,16,34,61,79,80,94,96,101,126,153].…”

“…Birds and bats are identified as the main wildlife groups affected by WTs [29,80] and suffer disproportionately from WTs [61]. The impacts include direct mortality related to species' activity, habitat alterations and loss, behavioral impacts, and vague and cumulative impacts (Figure 4) [15,16,34,61,79,80,94,96,101,126,153]. Most studies focus on direct mortality in Europe, North America, or in general (no area specified) while neglecting other study areas and providing weaker evidence on habitat alterations and behavioral impacts.…”

Review of Façade Photovoltaic Solutions for Less Energy-Hungry Buildings

“…Indeed, accor Task 15, to actually consider PV modules as building-integrated elements, th vide additional functions other than energy production, such as mechanica structural integrity for the building, impact protection against atmospheric In particular, buildings' air conditioning and electricity needs consume more than 55% of the global electricity supply, with an estimated annual growth rate of 2.5% [7]. This, coupled with land acquisition constraints and the vast impact that PV plants have on biodiversity and the natural environment, has limited the growth of such plants in favor of smaller-scale distributed installations, especially in urban environments [8,9]. Article 2 of the amended Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) (2018/844/EU) [10] aims to support the renovation of the national stock of buildings, residential and nonresidential, into highly energy-efficient and decarbonized buildings by 2050, facilitating their transformation towards net-zero energy buildings (NZEBs).…”