Reconciling Oxygen and Aerosol Delivery with a Hood on In Vitro Infant and Paediatric Models

Chen, Shu-Hsin; Chang, Hsiu-Chu; Chien, Ming-Yi; Xi, Jinxiang; Lin, Hui-Ling

doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14010091

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In comparison to the nasal airways of a human (130)(131)(132)(133)(134)(135)(136)(137)(138) or monkey (139)(140)(141), the nasal airway architecture of macrosmatic animals such as dogs, rats, rabbits, and deer are much more complex (39,72,(86)(87)(88). Notable differences can also be observed among non-primate animals.…”

Section: Comparison Of the Nasal Airway Of Land Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal anatomy and sniffing in respiration and olfaction of wild and domestic animals

April

Malvè

2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Animals have been widely utilized as surrogate models for humans in exposure testing, infectious disease experiments, and immunology studies. However, respiratory diseases affect both humans and animals. These disorders can spontaneously affect wild and domestic animals, impacting their quality and quantity of life. The origin of such responses can primarily be traced back to the pathogens deposited in the respiratory tract. There is a lack of understanding of the transport and deposition of respirable particulate matter (bio-aerosols or viruses) in either wild or domestic animals. Moreover, local dosimetry is more relevant than the total or regionally averaged doses in assessing exposure risks or therapeutic outcomes. An accurate prediction of the total and local dosimetry is the crucial first step to quantifying the dose-response relationship, which in turn necessitates detailed knowledge of animals’ respiratory tract and flow/aerosol dynamics within it. In this review, we examined the nasal anatomy and physiology (i.e., structure-function relationship) of different animals, including the dog, rat, rabbit, deer, rhombus monkey, cat, and other domestic and wild animals. Special attention was paid to the similarities and differences in the vestibular, respiratory, and olfactory regions among different species. The ventilation airflow and behaviors of inhaled aerosols were described as pertinent to the animals’ mechanisms for ventilation modulation and olfaction enhancement. In particular, sniffing, a breathing maneuver that animals often practice enhancing olfaction, was examined in detail in different animals. Animal models used in COVID-19 research were discussed. The advances and challenges of using numerical modeling in place of animal studies were discussed. The application of this technique in animals is relevant for bidirectional improvements in animal and human health.

show abstract