Reconciling spatial scales and stock structures for fisheries science and management

Valley, Kenneth J. La; Feeney, Rachel Gallant

doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2013.02.014

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Consider the growing evidence that fishing can extirpate local populations (Ames 1996, La Valley and Feeney 2013, Hayden et al 2015. When extirpation happens, the organization of natural communities in those places undergoes significant change, but a nonlocal observer who has no knowledge of the history of the place may not discern the significance or even the existence of that change.…”

Section: Observation and The Scale Of Self-organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning, adaptation, and the complexity of human and natural interactions in the ocean

Wilson¹

2017

E&S

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Here, I explore the system-level consequences of learning and adaptation among fish and fishers. The fundamental idea is that the cost of acquiring the knowledge needed to resolve uncertainty is the principal driver of social and spatial organization. This cost limits agents' actions and leads them to prefer relatively persistent associations with familiar agents and places. When all agents act in this way, the regularity and self-reinforcing nature of familiarity leads to the emergence of a self-organized system. Systems like this are characterized by diverse, place-based, and relatively durable groups, groups of groups, and rough hierarchical structure. This occurs in both the natural and human parts of the system. The costs of resolving uncertainty also determine the interactions of fish and fishers. The uncertainty of search leads fishers preferentially to target older fish and aggregations of fish. These are the repositories and mechanisms for the replication of the knowledge needed for self-organization. The loss of this information selectively, but unintentionally, disrupts the behavioral regularity that organizes the natural system, leading eventually to its disorganization. From this theoretical perspective, sustainable fishing requires conservation of the knowledge in DNA and memory because this is the fundamental basis for the self-organization of the natural system. Collective action is also subject to the costs of resolving uncertainty. In complex systems, these costs are minimized at the local level in the system, where the most direct, but not the only, feedback occurs. This implies the need for multiscale governance with an emphasis on collective learning through localized science and user participation. Finally, the complexity of ecosystem interactions argues for qualitative harvesting rules governing how, when, and where fishing takes place. These rules are most likely to generate a persistent signal and rapid learning, but only when combined with effective governance.

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Section: Observation and The Scale Of Self-organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning, adaptation, and the complexity of human and natural interactions in the ocean

Wilson¹

2017

E&S

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“…Several scientific conferences and symposia have been dedicated to spatial modeling techniques in fisheries science and ecology since 2010, which have resulted in special journal issues, including "Reconciling Spatial Scales and Stock Structure" in the journal Fisheries Research (La Valley and Feeney 2013); the spatial subsection of the "World Conference on Stock Assessment Methods" in the ICES Journal of Marine Science (Cadrin and Dickey-Collas 2015); "Spatial Analysis, Mapping, and Management of Marine Fisheries" in the journal Marine and Coastal Fisheries (Rubec 2016); "Advances in Fish Stock Delineation", also in Fisheries Research (Pita et al 2016); "Spatial Ecology" in the International Journal of Geo-Information (2017); and "Beyond Ocean Connectivity", also in the ICES Journal of Marine Science (2017). Recognizing that modeling of spatial processes and distributional patterns was rapidly expanding in fisheries science, a theme session titled "Space Oddity: Recent Advances Incorporating Spatial Processes in the Fishery Stock Assessment and Management Interface" was convened at the 145th American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting in Portland, Oregon (2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to “Space Oddity: Recent Advances Incorporating Spatial Processes in the Fishery Stock Assessment and Management Interface”

Berger

Goethel

Lynch

2017

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Sustainability and Land tenure: Who owns the floodplain in the Pantanal, Brazil?

2017

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In seeking to achieve poverty alleviation and environmental conservation, public policy has often centred on guaranteeing land titles to local peoples. However, such approaches have brought unintended outcomes, replacing small-scale economies and natural areas by intensive exploitation of resources with no clear improvement in local people's wellbeing. To understand this, we go beyond a general political ecology framing to consider relations between sustainability and land tenure, focusing on the intersection of economics, ecology and anthropology to understand how land tenure, property and use play out on the ground. We draw together different concepts including bundle of rights, de facto and de jure resource use, property regimes, density-dependence and non-equilibrium theory. The significance of this threediscipline view is illustrated through a case study of the Pantanal wetland, Brazil, where conservationists, the government and the local population contest ownership of the Paraguay River floodplain. Government sought to address conflicts around tenure and access through a narrow view of property, which failed to encompass the overlapping layers of land tenure, property and use on the ground and only served to create further legal battles. This article concludes that a more complex view combining the three perspectives is needed in the case of the Pantanal, and in other cases of contested property rights, in order to resolve conflicting claims and foster sustainability. We dissect both the power plays involved between different groups competing for control of a valuable resource, and the legal frameworks which can and should provide checks and balances in the system. The more nuanced grasp that emerges of local systems of tenure and access, of how these diverge from western property concepts, and of their environmental implications favours a better understanding of local realities, allowing for better management policy and consequently contributing more effectively towards poverty alleviation and environmental protection.Keywords: sustainability, land tenure, property, resource use, the Pantanal Highlights Conventional property systems do not map well onto unpredictable, dynamic ecosystems  Resource access and use in wetlands and semi-arid rangelands are customarily mobile  Locally-adapted resource use, not specific property regime, dictates sustainability  Economics, anthropology and ecology help address land conflict in Brazil's Pantanal

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Reconciling spatial scales and stock structures for fisheries science and management

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Learning, adaptation, and the complexity of human and natural interactions in the ocean

Learning, adaptation, and the complexity of human and natural interactions in the ocean

Introduction to “Space Oddity: Recent Advances Incorporating Spatial Processes in the Fishery Stock Assessment and Management Interface”

Sustainability and Land tenure: Who owns the floodplain in the Pantanal, Brazil?

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